Comprehensive Review about Sars2 CoV and antiviral therapy possibilities

Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Apr 18

doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.020 [Epub ahead of print]

PMCID: PMC7165108

PMID: 32335367

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response

Indwiani Astuti^∗ and Ysrafil

 

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In addition, through recent developments in vaccine-based therapy for cancers and other diseases, therapeutic development efforts also focus on drug discovery that can stop the spread and replication of the virus in the host cell that is intended for patients who have already contracted an infection. These include camostat mesylate which is a serine protease inhibitor that can inhibit the performance of TMPRSS2 enzyme activity in the coronavirus entry process. This drug has been used clinically in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis so that it is considered to be a potential therapy for COVID-19 treatment [^{[50], [51], [52]}].

 In addition to the two therapeutic approaches above, other potential therapeutic development pathways for patients with this viral infection can be done through blocking ACE2 receptors and RNA interference using siRNA or microRNA [^{[52], [53], [54]}].

It is now well-known that the pathogenesis of ARDS-induced coronaviruses involves microRNA in the cell nuclei. This discovery gave rise to new knowledge in the development of microRNA-based anti-coronavirus therapy approaches. MicroRNA-based therapy has been proven both in vitro, in vivo and clinically to cure diseases in the form of viral infections, cancer and other degenerative diseases [^54,55].

7. Conclusion

In summary, we conclude that coronavirus has unique and complete components. Its immune-evasion components that contribute to evade from recognition of the immune system lead infectivity and fatality to host.

It is now well-known that the pathogenesis of disease-induced coronaviruses, the development of therapy will be more specific. For example the development of serine protease inhibitor or RBD-based vaccine also became coronavirus therapy approach. However, further research is necessary to develop these findings for clinical application in patients.