Spike (s) keskiössä
Articles
Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
Pages 221-236 | Received 16 Jan 2020, Accepted 17 Jan 2020, Published online: 28 Jan 2020
In summary,
2019-nCoV is a novel lineage B Betacoronavirus closely related to bat SARS-related coronaviruses. It also has unique genomic features which deserves further investigation to ascertain their roles in viral replication cycle and pathogenesis. More animal sampling to determine its natural animal reservoir and intermediate animal host in the market is important. This will shed light on the evolutionary history of this emerging coronavirus which has jumped into human after the other two zoonotic Betacoroanviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
RNA secondary structures
As shown in Figure 7(A–C),the SARS-CoV 5′-UTR contains SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4, S5, SL5A, SL5B, SL5C, SL6, SL7, and SL8. The SL3 contains trans–cis motif [27].
The SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4, S5, SL5A, SL5B, and SL5C structures were similar among the 2019-nCoV, human SARS-CoV and the bat SARS-related ZC45.
In the 2019-nCoV, part of the S5 found was inside the orf1a/b (marked in red), which was similar to SARS-CoV.
In bat SARS-related CoV ZC45, the S5 was not found inside orf1a/b.
The 2019-nCoV had the same SL6, SL7, and SL8 as SARS-CoV, and an additional stem loop.
Bat SARS-related CoV ZC45 did not have the SARS-CoV SL6-like stem loop. Instead, it possessed two other stem loops in this region.
All three strains had similar SL7 and SL8.
The bat SARS-like CoV ZC45 also had an additional stem loop between SL7 and SL8.
Overall, the 5′-UTR of 2019-nCoV was more similar to that of SARS-CoV than the bat SARS-related CoV ZC 45. The biological relevance and effects of virulence of the 5′-UTR structures should be investigated further.
The 2019-nCoV had various 3′-UTR structures, including BSL, S1, S2, S3, S4, L1, L2, L3, and HVR (Figure 7(D–F)). The 3′-UTR was conserved among 2019-nCoV, human SARS-CoV and SARS-related CoVs [27].
Figure 7. Secondary structure prediction and comparison in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) and 3′-UTR using the RNAfold WebServer (with minimum free energy and partition function in Fold algorithms and basic options.
The SARS 5′- and 3′- UTR was used as a reference to adjust the prediction results
(A) SARS-CoV 5'-UTR;
(B) 2019-nCoV (HKU-SZ-005b) 5'-UTR;
(C) ZC45 5'-UTR;
(D) SARS-CoV 3'-UTR;
(E) 2019-nCoV (HKU-SZ-005b) 3'-UTR;
(F) ZC45 3'-UTR.
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