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SARS-CoV-2 nyt , aktuellia tietoa, 21.2. 2020

 https://www.labome.com/method/Wuhan-2019-Novel-Coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2.html
Translation
From 00:00 to 23:59, February 20,

31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported 889 new cases, 118 new deaths (115 in Hubei, one each in Zhejiang, Chongqing and Yunnan) and 1,614 new suspected cases.
Also reported are 2,109 patients released from medical care, 28,804 individuals released from medical monitoring and 231 fewer severe cases*.

Up to 23:59, February 20, 31 PLADs, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have 54,965 cases (including 11,633 severe cases), have released a total of 18,264 patients from medical care, and recorded a total of 2,236 deaths and a total of 75,465 cases. There are currently 5,206 suspected cases. 606,037 close contacts have been followed-up so far and 120,302 of them remain under medical observation.

Hubei reported 631 new cases (319 in Wuhan), 1,451 patients released from medical case (766 in Wuhan), 115 new deaths (99 in Wuhan), and currently has 48,730 cases (37,448 in Wuhan), including 10,997 severe cases (9,628 in Wuhan). Hubei has released 11,788 patients (6,214 in Wuhan), recorded 2,144 deaths (1,684 in Wuhan), had a total of 62,662 cases (45,346 in Wuhan). Hubei reported 1,279 new suspected cases (979 in Wuhan) and currently has a total of 4,094 suspected cases (2,820 in Wuhan).

Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan have reported 102 cases: 68 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2 deaths, 5 released from medical case); 10 in Macau Special Administrative Region (6 released); and 22 in Taiwan Region (1 death, 2 released).

*: The number of new severe cases is calculated by subtracting the number of severe cases yesterday from the number today. Severe cases might transition to mild cases or death. (From the information release about February 11).
Important Articles
  • Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection [6]. "In this family of three, one 35-year-old man (patient 1) had clinical symptoms, a decreased lymphocyte count, abnormal chest CT images, and a positive result on qRT-PCR. By contrast, the other two family members—a 33-year-old woman (patient 2) and a 3-year-old boy (patient 3)—were both asymptomatic, with normal lymphocyte counts and chest CT images but positive qRT-PCR results".
  • Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation [7]. "We also show biophysical and structural evidence that the 2019-nCoV S binds ACE2 with higher affinity than SARS-CoV S. Additionally, we tested several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies and found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs. "
  •  
  • Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 34 Children With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Shenzhen. In Chinese [8]. The authors report that the pediatric COVID-19 cases were milder and non-specific than adult cases.
  • Vital Surveillances: The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020 [1]. 
  • The authors, the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, from China CDC, present the epidemiological characteristics of 44,672 confirmed cases from Dec 2019 to Feb 11 2020.
  • Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome [9]
  • Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records [10].
  •  The authors reviewed all nine cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 in their hospital (all with healthy live births) and failed to detect SARS-CoV-2 from amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab and breastmilk samples from six cases examined. The authors concluded there was no evidence for intrauterine infection. 
  •  
  • Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020 [11].
  •  The 178 authors, all of them from SARS-CoV-2 CDC Response Team, discuss epidemiology of 11 U.S. cases, public health response, laboratory and diagnostic support, and clinical and infection control guidance.
  • Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents [12]. The authors reviewed 22 studies about the persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and inactivation strategies with chemical disinfectants. They found coronaviruses "persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05-0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. " Sodium hypochlorite is the common bleach.
  • CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) [13].
  • Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China. [14]. The authors report "early clinical features of 13 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to hospitals in Beijing." All cases are milder (than those in Wuhan) and all patients have recovered.
  • Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China [15]. The authors report " [In] this single-center case series involving 138 patients with NCIP, 26% of patients required admission to the intensive care unit and 4.3% died. Presumed human-to-human hospital-associated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was suspected in 41% of patients." NCIP refers to "2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)–infected pneumonia". 
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  • Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for SARS-CoV-2 lung injury [16]. The authors conclude that "corticosteroid treatment should not be used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury or shock outside of a clinical trial" after analyzing some earlier reports.
  • Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro [2]. See Figure 1.
  • A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin [17]. The authors report the sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from five patients, that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, the same cell entry receptor as SARS-CoV, and that the patients produced neutralizating sera.
  • First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States [18]. The authors describe the case and intravenous remdesivir treatment for compassionate use due to worsening pneumonia. Remdesivir is an investigational compound, not approved for any clinical use yet. See Gilead Sciences Statement on the Company’s Ongoing Response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).
  • Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. [19]. The authors "used data from Dec 31, 2019, to Jan 28, 2020, on the number of cases exported from Wuhan internationally (known days of symptom onset from Dec 25, 2019, to Jan 19, 2020) to infer the number of infections in Wuhan from Dec 1, 2019, to Jan 25, 2020.", and "we estimated that the basic reproductive number for SARS-CoV-2 was 2·68 (95% CrI 2·47–2·86) and that 75 815 individuals (95% CrI 37 304–130 330) have been infected in Wuhan as of Jan 25, 2020. The epidemic doubling time was 6·4 days (95% CrI 5·8–7·1). We estimated that in the baseline scenario, Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen had imported 461 (95% CrI 227–805), 113 (57–193), 98 (49–168), 111 (56–191), and 80 (40–139) infections from Wuhan, respectively."
  • Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany [20]. The authors indicate the possibility of viral transmission from asymptomatic persons and convalescent patients: "asymptomatic persons are potential sources of SARS-CoV-2 infection may warrant a reassessment of transmission dynamics of the current outbreak. In this context, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and a high sputum viral load in a convalescent patient (Patient 1) arouse concern about prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 after recovery. " However, please read the Science news article about this case "Study claiming new coronavirus can be transmitted by people without symptoms was flawed" [21].
  • Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing an outbreak of pneumonia [22].
  • Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding [23].
  • Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study [24].
  • Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia [25].
  • Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam [26].
  • A Novel Coronavirus From Patients With Pneumonia in China, 2019 [27]. 
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  • A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster [28].
  • Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. [29]
  • Coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis [30].
  • Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV [31].
  • A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics [32].
  • Bat Coronaviruses in China [33].
  • Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses [34].
  • Glycopeptide Antibiotics Potently Inhibit Cathepsin L in the Late Endosome/Lysosome and Block the Entry of Ebola Virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [35].
  • An Overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL Protease Inhibitors: Peptidomimetics and Small Molecule Chemotherapy [36].
  • A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence [37].
  • Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor [38].
  • Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds [39].
  • HIV Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir Inhibits Replication of SARS-associated Coronavirus [40].

Important Information Websites
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