Nat Med. 1999 Apr;5(4):423-6. Defective humoral responses and extensive intravascular apoptosis are associated with fatal outcome in Ebola virus-infected patients.
Baize S1, Leroy EM, Georges-Courbot MC, Capron M, Lansoud-Soukate J, Debré P, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Georges AJ.
Abstract
Ebola
virus is very pathogenic in humans. It induces an acute hemorrhagic
fever that leads to death in about 70% of patients. We compared the
immune responses of patients who died from Ebola virus disease with those who survived during two large outbreaks in 1996 in Gabon.
In survivors, early and increasing levels of IgG, directed mainly against the nucleoprotein (NP) and the 40-kDa viral protein (VP40) , were followed by clearance of circulating viral antigen and activation of cytotoxic T cells, which was indicated by the upregulation of FasL, perforin, CD28 and gamma interferon mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
In contrast, fatal infection was characterized by impaired humoral responses, with absent specific IgG and barely detectable IgM.
Early activation of T cells, indicated by mRNA patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and considerable release of gamma interferon in plasma, was followed in the days preceding death by the disappearance of T cell-related mRNA (including CD3 and CD8).
DNA fragmentation in blood leukocytes and release of 41/7 nuclear matrix protein in plasma indicated that massive intravascular apoptosis proceeded relentlessly during the last 5 days of life.
Thus, events very early in Ebola virus infection determine the control of viral replication and recovery or catastrophic illness and death.
In survivors, early and increasing levels of IgG, directed mainly against the nucleoprotein (NP) and the 40-kDa viral protein (VP40) , were followed by clearance of circulating viral antigen and activation of cytotoxic T cells, which was indicated by the upregulation of FasL, perforin, CD28 and gamma interferon mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
In contrast, fatal infection was characterized by impaired humoral responses, with absent specific IgG and barely detectable IgM.
Early activation of T cells, indicated by mRNA patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and considerable release of gamma interferon in plasma, was followed in the days preceding death by the disappearance of T cell-related mRNA (including CD3 and CD8).
DNA fragmentation in blood leukocytes and release of 41/7 nuclear matrix protein in plasma indicated that massive intravascular apoptosis proceeded relentlessly during the last 5 days of life.
Thus, events very early in Ebola virus infection determine the control of viral replication and recovery or catastrophic illness and death.
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