Globaali lintuinfluenssatilanne OIE-WAHIS lähteessä WOAH

 https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2023/07/hpai-situation-report-20230721.pdf

 HIGH PATHOG ENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/2023
1 Situation report period covered: 23 June to 13 July 2023
This report provides an update of the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) situation, according to the information submitted through the World Animal Health Information System of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WAHIS) between 23 June and 13 July 2023.

Seasonal trend
Using data reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) between 2005 and 2019 by 76 affected countries and territories for 18,620 outbreaks in poultry, we carried out a Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) analysis to determine the seasonal pattern of the disease (detailed methodology presented in Awada et al., 20181). Based on the data reported to WOAH, spread is lowest in September, begins to rise in October, and peaks in February. Figure 1 shows the global seasonal pattern of HPAI in poultry and the red rectangle indicates where we currently are in the cycle based on the period covered in “recent updates” below.

 HIGH PATHOGENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/2023
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• On-going events for which there were new reported outbreaks, by world region (reported through follow-up reports):

Europe
Subtype H5N1
United Kingdom, 

• Africa, Americas, Asia, and Oceania

No new outbreaks reported in the on-going events, or no on-going events.

• New outbreaks and associated subtypes

During the period covered by this report, a total of five new outbreaks in poultry were reported by five countries (Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden and United Kingdom). Details are presented in Figures 2 and 3.

HIGH PATHOG ENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/2023
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 Events which started before the 3-week period but were reported during the 3-week period (reported through immediate notifications)

Africa
H5N1
The occurrence of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b - Lineage: Reassortment Eurasian and North American in the area of Maritime in Togo started on 21 June 2023 (new strain in the area)
H7
The occurrence of H7 in South Africa (Mpumalanga) started on 29 May 2023 (new strain in the country)

Asia
H5N6
The recurrence of H5N6 in Philippines (Nueva Ecija) started on 4 January 2023
Americas, Europe, and Oceania
No events reported

HPAI in non-poultry ( Siis ei  siipikarjan puolella vaan luonnon linnuissa)

• New events by world region (reported through immediate notifications)

Africa,  Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania
No new events reported.

• On-going events for which there were new reported outbreaks, by world region (reported through follow-up reports):

Americas
H5N1 in non-poultry birds
Brazil

Europe
H5 in non-poultry birds
Belgium, Norway

Europe
H5N1 in non-poultry birds
Belgium, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

• Africa, Asia, and Oceania

No new outbreaks reported in the on-going events, or no on-going events.

• New outbreaks (Tarkkaa tätä !)
  

During the period covered by this report, a total of 100 outbreaks in non-poultry birds were reported by 15 countries
(Belgium, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom). Details are presented in Figures 4 and 5.

 

 HIGH PATHOG ENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/20

 (sivulla 4 on KARTTA: MAP! page 4)

HIGH PATHOG ENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/2023
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Figure 4. Distribution of HPAI new outbreaks in non-poultry animals, and corresponding subtypes.
Figure 5. Number of new outbreaks by geographical region

• Events which started before the 3-week period but were reported during the 3-week period (reported through immediate notifications or through emails)

Europe
H5N1 in non-poultry birds
A recurrence started in Sweden (Enköping, Karlshamn, Mörbylånga, Uppsala, Uppsala, Växjö) on 12 February 2023

 H5N1 in mammals (Puolan kissat!)

National authorities of Poland informed WOAH of unusual mortalities in felids associated with H5N1 in different areas of the country. As of 12 July, 28 dead cats and 1 dead caracal tested positive for H5N1. Molecular analyses suggest infection from similar or common sources (under investigation). These analyses also showed mutations of the virus that increase its adaptation to mammals (see report).

Africa, Americas, Asia, and Oceania

No events reported

 HIGH PATHOG ENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/2023
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Epidemiological background

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is caused by influenza A viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae. Since its identification in China (People’s Rep. of) in 1996, there have been multiple waves of intercontinental transmission of the H5Nx Gs/GD lineage virus. 

HPAI has resulted in the death and mass slaughter of more than 316 million poultry
worldwide between 2005 and 2021, with peaks in 2021, 2020 and 2016. During each of the years 2006, 2016, 2017 and 2021, more than 50 countries and territories in the world were affected with HPAI. In addition, up to now, humans have occasionally been infected with subtypes H5N1 (around 870 cases reported, of which half died), H7N9 (around 1,500 cases reported, of which about 600 died), H5N6 (around 80 cases reported, of which about 30 died), H9N2 (around 80 cases reported, of which 2 died) and sporadic cases have been reported with subtypes H3N8, H7N4, H7N7 and H10N3  

Key messages

The current HPAI epidemic season continues with 5 outbreaks being reported in poultry and 100 in non-poultry birds over the 3 weeks covered by the report, mainly in Europe, and also in the Americas (Brazil). About 17,000 poultry birds died or were culled worldwide during the 3 weeks period. Based on the previous HPAI seasonal patterns, the number of outbreaks in animals is expected to have passed the peak and decline. This is what we are seeing for poultry worldwide, with very low figures for the 3 weeks covered by the report, while some new outbreaks continue to be detected in non-poultry birds, sometimes causing high mortality, such as the large mortality event among wild birds of the Laridae family reported in Russia (Udmurt), with 916 dead birds detected in a single outbreak (see event).

WOAH recommends that countries maintain their surveillance efforts, biosecurity measures at farm level, and continue timely reporting of avian influenza outbreaks in both poultry and non-poultry species.

WOAH also stresses the importance of reporting outbreaks of avian influenza in unusual hosts, as the virus has been increasingly detected in mammals in recent months, a situation that should be monitored.

Deaths in felids associated with HPAI H5N1 in Poland are of high interest to the intersectoral international community.

On 16 July 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) commented that human A(H5N1) infections following contact with an infected cat had not been documented and that the risk of human infections following exposure to infected cats at the national level in Poland was assessed as low for the general population, and low to moderate for cat owners and those occupationally exposed to A(H5N1)-infected cats (such as veterinarians) without the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Find out more in WOAH's recently published Q&A on avian influenza cases in cats.
High quality of information is key to support early detection and rapid response to potential threats to both animal and public health.

Recent news
- OFFLU’s annual report: tackling animal influenza through data sharing
- WOAH’s Animal Health Forum reshapes avian influenza prevention and control strategies
- WOAH Statement on avian influenza and mammals
- OFFLU statement: Infections with Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus in cats in Poland
WOAH resources
- Avian influenza portal
- Self-declared disease status
- World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS)
- Q & A: Avian influenza in cats
- Animal Health Forum on avian influenza : policy to action: The case of avian influenza – reflections for change
- Strategic challenges in the global control of high pathogenicity avian influenza
- Resolution adopted in WOAH General Session 2023: Strategic challenges in the global control of HPAI
- Preliminary FAO/WHO/WOAH Joint Rapid Risk Assessment - Human infection with influenza A(H5N1), Cambodia (2023)
- One health Joint plan of action (2022 – 2026)

HIGH PATHOGENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) – SITUATION REPORT 21/07/2023
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- The first meeting of the Standing Group of Experts on HPAI for Europe, May 2023
- Technical meeting on HPAI vaccination, GF-TAD Americas, March 2023

Awareness tools

- Avian influenza: understanding new dynamics to better combat the disease

- Avian influenza: why strong public policies are vital

- Video: Avian influenza threatens wild birds across the globe

Press inquiries: media at woah.org

OFFLU resources
- OFFLU annual report 2022
- OFFLU Statement on high pathogenicity avian influenza caused by viruses of the H5N1 subtype
- OFFLU avian influenza matching (AIM) pilot study
- OFFLU avian influenza VCM report for WHO vaccine composition meetings (February 2023)

Other relevant resources

- WHO, Human infection with avian influenza A(H5) viruses

- Epidemiological Alert Outbreaks of avian influenza and human infection caused by influenza A(H5) public health

implications in the Region of the Americas

- WHO, Influenza at the human-animal interface, Summary and risk assessment, from 4 March to 24 April 2023

Muistiin  virusblogiin 28.7. 2023. Suomen valtiollinen taso on  tehnyt ensimmäisen  informaatiokokouksen medialle  tästä asiasta eilen.