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Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants.
. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.018. Epub 2022 Dec 14.
PMID: 36580913
Free PMC article. Here, we report that neutralization of BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1
by sera from vaccinees and infected persons was markedly impaired,
including sera from individuals boosted with a WA1/BA.5 bivalent mRNA
vaccine. Titers against BQ and XBB subvariants were lower by 13- to 81-fold and 66- to
155-fold, respectively, far beyond what had been observed to date.
Monoclonal antibodies capable of neutralizing the original Omicron
variant were largely inactive against these new subvariants, and the
responsible individual spike mutations were identified. These
subvariants were found to have similar ACE2-binding affinities as their
predecessors. Together, our findings indicate that BQ and XBB
subvariants present serious threats to current COVID-19 vaccines, render
inactive all authorized antibodies, and may have gained dominance in
the population because of their advantage in evading antibodies
Low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 by parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5 bivalent booster.
Nat Med. 2022 Dec 6. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02162-x. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 36473500 The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages, including the
BA.2-derived BA.2.75.2 and the BA.5-derived BQ.1.1 and XBB.1, have accumulated additional spike mutations that may affect vaccine effectiveness. Here we report neutralizing
activities of three human serum panels collected from individuals 23-94
days after dose 4 of a parental mRNA vaccine; 14-32 days after a BA.5
bivalent booster from individuals with 2-4 previous doses of parental
mRNA vaccine; or 14-32 days after a BA.5 bivalent booster from
individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and 2-4 doses of parental
mRNA vaccine. The results showed that a BA.5 bivalent booster elicited a
high neutralizing titer against BA.4/5 measured at 14-32 days after
boost; however, the BA.5 bivalent booster did not produce robust
neutralization against the newly emerged BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1 or XBB.1.
Previous infection substantially enhanced the magnitude and breadth of
BA.5 bivalent booster-elicited neutralization. Our data support a
vaccine update strategy that future boosters should match newly emerged
circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants
Plasma after both SARS-CoV-2 boosted vaccination and COVID-19 potently neutralizes BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.
bioRxiv. 2022 Dec 16:2022.11.25.517977. doi: 10.1101/2022.11.25.517977. Preprint.
PMID: 36482971
Free PMC article.
The geometric mean of the geometric mean 50% neutralizing titers (GM (GMT (50) ) were 314, 78 and 204 for BQ.1.1, XBB.1
and BF.7, respectively. Compared to VaxCCP, plasma sampled from
COVID-19 naive subjects who also recently within 6 months received at
least a third vacci …
Coronavirus variant XBB.1.5 rises in the United States - is it a global threat?
Nature. 2023 Jan;613(7943):222-223. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-00014-3.
PMID: 36624320
No abstract available.
Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution.
et al.
Nature. 2022 Dec 19. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05644-7. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 36535326 Continuous evolution of Omicron has led to a rapid and simultaneous
emergence of numerous variants that display growth advantages over BA.5 1.
Despite their divergent evolutionary courses, mutations on their
receptor-binding domain (RBD) converge on several hotspots. The driving
force and destination of such sudden convergent evolution and its impact
on humoral immunity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that these
convergent mutations can cause striking evasion of neutralizing antibody
(NAb) drugs and convalescent plasma, including those from BA.5
breakthrough infection, while maintaining sufficient ACE2 binding
capability. BQ.1.1.10 (BQ.1.1+Y144del), BA.4.6.3, XBB, and CH.1.1 are
the most antibody-evasive strains tested. To delineate the origin of the
convergent evolution, we determined the escape mutation profiles and
neutralization activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from
BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough-infection convalescents 2,3. Due
to humoral immune imprinting, BA.2 and especially BA.5 breakthrough
infection reduced the diversity of the NAb binding sites and increased
proportions of non-neutralizing antibody clones, which in turn focused
humoral immune pressure and promoted convergent evolution in the RBD.
Moreover, we showed that the convergent RBD mutations could be
accurately inferred by deep mutational scanning (DMS) profiles 4,5,
and the evolution trends of BA.2.75/BA.5 subvariants could be
well-foreseen through constructed convergent pseudovirus mutants. These
results suggest current herd immunity and BA.5 vaccine boosters may not
efficiently prevent the infection of Omicron convergent variants.
... …
Subvariant 'soup' may drive wave.
New Sci. 2022 Nov 5;256(3411):11. doi: 10.1016/S0262-4079(22)01970-4. Epub 2022 Nov 4.
PMID: 36373068
Free PMC article.
The coronavirus subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB may spread more readily than the original omicron variant and could evade prior immunity to some extent, writes Carissa Wong....
Does the COVID-19 XBB Omicron subvariant signal the beginning of the end of the pandemic?
Singapore Med J. 2022 Dec 1. doi: 10.4103/singaporemedj.SMJ-2022-180. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 36648003
Review.
All pandemic viruses have eventually adapted to human
hosts so that they become more transmissible and less virulent. The XBB
Omicron subvariant is rapidly becoming the dominant strain of severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Singapore from
Octobe …
Substantial Neutralization Escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.
N Engl J Med. 2023 Jan 18. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2214314. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 36652339
No abstract available.
Lancet Microbe. 2023 Jan 16:S2666-5247(22)00384-6. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00384-6. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 36657480
Free PMC article.
No abstract available.
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