Pandemian ajalta tietoa LAOSin valtion alueelta:

 GITHUB mainitsee tänään että Laosin sars-2-sekvensseissä näyttää olevan BN.1.3 variantin alalinjaa  runsaahkosti. Toisaaltt taas näiden pandemiavuosien aikan Laos on sekvensoinut vain runsaat 1000 varianttia. TAi siis tiedottanut ulkopuollel GISAIDiin asti. Katsoin tittoa  Laosin kansasta. Kansaa on  vajat 9 miljoonaa ja maa on toisten valtioiden ympäröimä ilman merirajaa.  WHO jäsenlistassa ei näy Laosin nimeä.  Suomalaisia on siellä käynyt ja  on kontakteja seurakuntaelämään. www.irrtv.fi Laosia käsitteleviä katsauksia takavuosilta. 

PubMed tietoja, joissa LAOS mainitaan

(1)

• Author Correction: Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells.

  Temmam S, Vongphayloth K, Baquero E, Munier S, Bonomi M, Regnault B, Douangboubpha B, Karami Y, Chrétien D, Sanamxay D, Xayaphet V, Paphaphanh P, Lacoste V, Somlor S, Lakeomany K, Phommavanh N, Pérot P, Dehan O, Amara F, Donati F, Bigot T, Nilges M, Rey FA, van der Werf S, Brey PT, Eloit M. Nature. 2022 Jul;607(7920):E19. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05048-7. PMID: 35798954 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

The animal reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown despite reports of SARS-CoV-2-related viruses in Asian Rhinolophus bats^1-4, including the closest virus from R. affinis, RaTG13 (refs. ^5,6), and pangolins^7-9. SARS-CoV-2 has a mosaic genome, to which different progenitors contribute. The spike sequence determines the binding affinity and accessibility of its receptor-binding domain to the cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and is responsible for host range^10-12. SARS-CoV-2 progenitor bat viruses genetically close to SARS-CoV-2 and able to enter human cells through a human ACE2 (hACE2) pathway have not yet been identified, although they would be key in understanding the origin of the epidemic. Here we show that such viruses circulate in cave bats living in the limestone karstic terrain in northern Laos, in the Indochinese peninsula. We found that the receptor-binding domains of these viruses differ from that of SARS-CoV-2 by only one or two residues at the interface with ACE2, bind more efficiently to the hACE2 protein than that of the SARS-CoV-2 strain isolated in Wuhan from early human cases, and mediate hACE2-dependent entry and replication in human cells, which is inhibited by antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2. None of these bat viruses contains a furin cleavage site in the spike protein. Our findings therefore indicate that bat-borne SARS-CoV-2-like viruses that are potentially infectious for humans circulate in Rhinolophus spp. in the Indochinese peninsula. © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. 

 

(2) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34278365/

. 2021 Aug;13:100197.

doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100197. Epub 2021 Jul 14.

Low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Lao PDR, late 2020

Siriphone Virachith  ¹ , Virginie Pommelet  ¹ , Elodie Calvez  ¹ , Vilaysone Khounvisith  ¹ , Somphou Sayasone  ² , Sengchanh Kounnavong  ² , Mayfong Maxay  ^{3   4   5} , Phonepadith Xangsayarath  ⁶ , Sarah Temmam  ⁷ , Marc Eloit  ^{7   8} , Nicolas Escriou  ⁹ , Thierry Rose  ¹⁰ , Khamsing Vongphayloth  ¹ , Judith M Hübschen  ¹¹ , Vincent Lacoste  ¹ , Somphavanh Somlor  ¹ , Darouny Phonekeo  ¹ , Paul T Brey  ¹ , Antony P Black  ¹

Affiliations

• PMID: 34278365
• PMCID: PMC8277598
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100197

Free PMC article

Abstract

Background: In 2020 Lao PDR had low reported COVID-19 cases but it was unclear whether this masked silent transmission. A seroprevalence study was done August - September 2020 to determine SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Methods: Participants were from the general community (n=2433) or healthcare workers (n=666) in five provinces and bat/wildlife contacts (n=74) were from Vientiane province. ELISAs detected anti- SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (N; n=3173 tested) and Spike (S; n=1417 tested) antibodies. Double-positive samples were checked by IgM/IgG rapid tests. Controls were confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=15) and pre-COVID-19 samples (n=265). Seroprevalence for the general community was weighted to account for complex survey sample design, age and sex.

Findings: In pre-COVID-19 samples, 5·3%, [95% CI=3·1-8·7%] were anti-N antibody single-positive and 1·1% [0·3-3·5%] were anti-S antibody single positive. None were double positive. Anti-N and anti-S antibodies were detected in 5·2% [4·2-6·5%] and 2·1% [1·1-3·9%] of the general community, 2·0% [1·1-3·3%] and 1·4% [0·5-3·7%] of healthcare workers and 20·3% [12·6-31·0%] and 6·8% [2·8-15·3%] of bat/wildlife contacts. 0·1% [0·02-0·3%] were double positive for anti-N and anti-S antibodies (rapid test negative).

Interpretation: We find no evidence for significant SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Lao PDR before September 2020. This likely results from early decisive measures taken by the government, social behavior, and low population density. High anti-N /low anti-S seroprevalence in bat/wildlife contacts may indicate exposure to cross-reactive animal coronaviruses with threat of emerging novel viruses.

Funding: Agence Française de Développement. Additional; Institut Pasteur du Laos, Institute Pasteur, Paris and Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs ("PaReCIDS II"). 

(3)  WILDLIFE study, LAO PDR  wildlife tutkimus:

. 2020 Aug;165(8):1869-1875.

doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04683-7. Epub 2020 Jun 1. Coronavirus surveillance of wildlife in the Lao People's Democratic Republic detects viral RNA in rodents

David J McIver  ¹ , Soubanh Silithammavong  ^{2   3} , Watthana Theppangna  ⁴ , Amethyst Gillis  ^{3   5} , Bounlom Douangngeun  ⁴ , Kongsy Khammavong  ² , Sinpakone Singhalath  ² , Veasna Duong  ⁶ , Philippe Buchy  ^{6   7} , Sarah H Olson  ⁸ , Lucy Keatts  ⁸ , Amanda E Fine  ⁸ , Zoe Greatorex  ⁸ , Martin Gilbert  ⁸ , Matthew LeBreton  ⁹ , Karen Saylors  ^{3   10} , Damien O Joly  ^{1   2   11} , Edward M Rubin  ³ , Christian E Lange  ¹²

Affiliations

• PMID: 32488616
• PMCID: PMC7265875
• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04683-7

Free PMC article