Tämä artikkeli on lokakuulta 2020 ja hahmottelee sars-2 viruksen otetta ihmisen puolustusjärjestelmään. Tämäntapainen tietämys auttoi lopulta terapiastrategioiden luomisessa ja mortaliteetin vähentämisessä:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to respiratory illness and multi-organ failure (MOF) in critically ill patients. Although the virus-induced lung damage and inflammatory cytokine storm are believed to be directly associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical manifestations, the underlying mechanisms of virus-triggered inflammatory responses are currently (2020) unknown. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection activates caspase-8 ( extrinsic pathway of apoptosis) to trigger cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine processing in the lung epithelial cells. The processed inflammatory cytokines are released through the virus-induced necroptosis pathway. Virus-induced apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation activation were also observed in the lung sections of SARS-CoV-2-infected HFH4-hACE2 transgenic mouse model, a valid model for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Furthermore, analysis of the postmortem lung sections of fatal COVID-19 patients revealed not only apoptosis and necroptosis but also massive inflammatory cell infiltration, necrotic cell debris, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, typical of immune pathogenesis in the lung. The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered a dual mode of cell death pathways and caspase-8-dependent inflammatory responses may lead to the lung damage in the COVID-19 patients. These discoveries might assist the development of therapeutic strategies to treat COVID-19.
RIPK, receptor interacting protein 1 ja 3.
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=RIPK1&keywords=MLKL
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=RIPK3&keywords=MLKL
MLKL Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MLKL&keywords=MLKL
PGAM5 S/T-protein phosphatase mitochondrial
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PGAM5&keywords=PGAM5
Huom uusi tieto: PGAM5 on myös KEAP1 (Kelch proteiini) substraatti. Aiemmin on puhuttu vain NRF2 proteiinista KEAP1 substraattina! Tätä systeemiä täytyy ajatella!
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231721003463
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=DNM1L&keywords=DNM1L
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