https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/10/1186
Shedding the Light on Post-Vaccine Myocarditis and Pericarditis in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients
Academic Editors: Soo-Hong Lee, Jagathesh Chandra Rajendran, Hansoo Park and K.S JaganathanVaccines 2021, 9(10), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101186
Received: 22 September 2021
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Revised: 12 October 2021
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Accepted: 13 October 2021
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Published: 15 October 2021 (This article belongs to the Special Issue The COVID Vaccine)Abstract
Myocarditis and pericarditis have been linked recently to COVID-19
vaccines without exploring the underlying mechanisms, or compared to
cardiac adverse events post-non-COVID-19 vaccines. We introduce an
informatics approach to study post-vaccine adverse events on the systems
biology level to aid the prioritization of effective preventive
measures and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy by integrating the analysis
of adverse event reports from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting
System (VAERS) with systems biology methods. Our results indicated that
post-vaccine myocarditis and pericarditis were associated most
frequently with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines followed by live or
live-attenuated non-COVID-19 vaccines such as smallpox and anthrax
vaccines. The frequencies of cardiac adverse events were affected by
vaccine, vaccine type, vaccine dose, sex, and age of the vaccinated
individuals. Systems biology results suggested a central role of
interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) in the biological processes leading to
cardiac adverse events, by impacting MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling
pathways. We suggest that increasing the time interval between vaccine
doses minimizes the risks of developing inflammatory adverse reactions.
We also propose glucocorticoids as preferred treatments based on system
biology evidence. Our informatics workflow provides an invaluable tool
to study post-vaccine adverse events on the systems biology level to
suggest effective mechanism-based pharmacotherapy and/or suitable
preventive measures.
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Keywords:
COVID-19; myocarditis; pericarditis; SARS-CoV-2; systems biology; vaccine; VAERS
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