20 PubMed haku uutista tuhkarokkoepidemiasta

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300532
Best matches for measles outbreak:

1. An outbreak of measles in an undervaccinated community.
Gahr P et al. Pediatrics. (2014)

2. An outbreak of adult measles by nosocomial transmission in a high vaccination coverage community.
Wang FJ et al. Int J Infect Dis. (2014)
 

3. The economic burden of sixteen measles outbreaks on United States public health departments in 2011.
Ortega-Sanchez IR et al. Vaccine. (2014)


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• 1. Measles Outbreak Prevention and Control among Adults: Lessons from an Importation Outbreak in Yunnan Province, China, 2015.

Despite high population immunity among children and adolescents, imported measles virus transmission occurred among adults in a provincial cross-border area. Nosocomial transmission and measles immunity gaps among adults poses a threat to measles elimination and highlights the strategy of targeting adults during ORI to outbreaks with adult-to-adult transmission.

Zhao Z, Zhou R, Yu W, Li L, Li Q, Hu P. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Jan 4:0. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1417712. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
    29300532
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Select item 29296150
2.
A review of measles control in Kenya, with focus on recent innovations.
Manakongtreecheep K, Davis R.
Pan Afr Med J. 2017 Jun 21;27(Suppl 3):15. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.27.3.12118. eCollection 2017. Review.

Abstract

Despite the existence of a highly effective measles vaccine and the decrease in worldwide deaths from measles by more than 79% from the 2000 baseline levels, measles today remains one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths in the world. The African region is a key player in the global fight against measles. Africa has made tremendous progress in its effort to immunize children and to control the disease, increasing its regional measles vaccination coverage from 56% in 2001 to 85% in 2010. The Republic of Kenya has been a strong follower of the World Health Assembly and Measles Elimination 2020 resolutions, which aims to eliminate measles from the country. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Kenya has faced many challenges, but also aid, in the form of new innovations, in their fight against measles. In 2002, Kenya started its first SIA using A-D syringes, and from 2003-2005, GAVI funded injection safety support (INS) to Kenya, as an effort to scale-up safe injection in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2016, the Kenya introduced Measles-Rubella (MR) combined vaccine in its nationwide SIA campaign, after recognizing that rubella is a disease that must be controlled along with measles. In 2009 and 2012 SIAs, Red Cross volunteers conducted H2H visits to promote immunization as well as document information from the community with regards to immunization, including the current coverage, to campaign management levels. Case-based surveillance, using real-time PCR, measles-specific IgM detection and Epi-link were used to confirm and map measles infection during outbreaks. Alternative serosurveys such as Dried Blood Spot and Urine sample surveys were also tested in Kenya. In 2013 and 2016, two studies were also conducted in Kenya on the use of SMS reminder system for routine immunization. These studies, which showed SMS to significantly improve the vaccination coverage, paved way for use of SMS in a larger scale in Kenya.

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3.
Chickenpox and measles clusters among college students in Pune, Maharashtra.
Deoshatwar AR, Bondre VP, Tandale BV.
Virusdisease. 2017 Sep;28(3):337-340. doi: 10.1007/s13337-017-0395-3. Epub 2017 Sep 20.
Chickenpox and measles, both vaccine preventable febrile rash illnesses, present in a comparatively severe form among young adults/adults than among children. Immunity levels against chickenpox are not known in India and those against measles have been found variable across the country. Places where students or adults/young adults from various parts of the country come together pose a peculiar challenge in preventive policy making regarding these diseases. In this article, we present findings from parallel outbreaks of the two diseases in a graduate/postgraduate institute in the city of Pune. A team from National Institute of Virology [Pune] investigated outbreak of febrile rash illness in a premier graduate institute and found that it was a case of two parallel outbreaks of chickenpox and measles. In this outbreak chickenpox cases did not present with greater severity but measles cases were severe. The concerned institute hosts more than 800 students and 300 staff including faculty. These outbreaks were contained because of the alert physician in the institute; but it also highlights a need for uniform policies across such educational institutions in the country.Similar articles

Select item 29279450
4.
Ten-year surveillance of measles virus from 2007-2016 in Osaka City, Japan.
Kaida A, Iritani N, Kanbayashi D, Yamamoto SP, Hirai Y, Hakui N, Fujimori R, Mori H, Hirokawa H, Ogasawara J, Kubo H.
Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 26. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.322. [Epub ahead of print]
  Measles is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus (MV). In this study, long-term surveillance was performed in order to survey MV prevalence. A total of 417 patients diagnosed with or suspected of having measles were tested for MV between January 2007 and December 2016 in Osaka City, Japan. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based testing of clinical specimens showed that 54 patients (12.9%) were MV-positive. An MV epidemic occurred in 2007, in which all detected MV strains were of genotype D5, an epidemic strain in Japan at that time. The detected wild-type MV strains in sporadic or outbreak-associated cases since 2011 included genotypes D4, D8, B3, and H1. Three vaccine strains (genotype A) were also detected. Children <10 100="" 2007.="" 2011="" 2013="" 2014="" 2015="" 2016="" 50="" 71.4="" 87.5="" 90.0="" accounted="" adults="" age="" among="" and="" as="" cases="" children="" class="highlight" contrast="" contributed="" coverage="" follows:="" for="" have="" high="" in="" infection="" japan="" majority="" may="" mv-positive="" mv="" of="" onset="" patients="" rate="" recent="" reduced="" respectively.="" risk="" since="" span="" the="" to="" two-dose="" vaccination="" years="">measles in young persons.Free Article
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Select item 29262070
5.
Epidemiology, Prevention Communicable Diseases.
Edemekong PF, Huang B.
StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2017 Jun-.
2017 Dec 12.
PMID:
    29262070
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Select item 29262493
6.
[Genetic characterization of rubella virus isolated in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015].
Tang XM, Zhu Z, Ren G, Ye XF, Zhang L.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Dec 6;51(12):1108-1112. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.12.011. Chinese.
PMID:
    29262493
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Select item 29255951
7.
Impact of war on child health in northern Syria: the experience of Médecins Sans Frontières.
Meiqari L, Hoetjes M, Baxter L, Lenglet A.
Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Dec 19. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-3057-y. [Epub ahead of print]
Few data are available to evaluate the impact of Syrian war on civilian population; to describe this impact on child health, this article uses data from Médecins Sans Frontières-Operational Centre Amsterdam's activities in Tal-Abyad and Kobane cities, northern Syria (2013-2016). Data were obtained from routine medical datasets and narrative reports, for out-patient clinics, immunisation, nutritional monitoring and assessments, and in-patient care, and were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Infections were the largest contributor to morbidity. The proportion of < 5 year out-patient consultations of infectious diseases that are listed for outbreak monitoring in emergencies was 15% in 2013, 51% in 2014, 75% in 2015 and 70% in 2016. Thalassemia was recorded in 0.5% of 2014 < 5 year out-patient consultations and 3.4% of 2013-2014 < 18-year in-patient admissions. Measles immunisation activities and routine Extended Programme for Immunisation were re-activated across northern Syria; however, immunisation coverage could not be calculated. Results from our routine data must be compared cautiously, due to differences in settings and disease categories.
With such scattered interventions, routine data are limited in providing a quantified evidence of emergency's health impact; however, they help in drawing a picture of children's health status and highlighting difficulties in providing curative and preventive services, in order to reflect part of population's plight. What is Known • Few data exist to evaluate the impact of the Syrian war on the health of children; • Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF-OCA) has worked in northern Syria during different times since 2013. What is New • Quantitative and qualitative analysis of MSF's routine medical data and situtation reports show that one fifth of all consultations in children < 5 years in MSF health facilities in northern Syria 2013-2016 were due to communicable diseases; • The analysis also highlights the burden of chronic conditions that were prevalent in Syria before the war, e.g. thalassemia.
   
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8.
Third Dose of MMR Vaccine for Mumps Control.
Webber BJ, Duncan JR, Costello AA.
N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 14;377(24):2402-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1714219. No abstract available.
PMID:
    29239596
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Select item 29236638
9.
Third Dose of MMR Vaccine for Mumps Control.
Plotkin SA.
N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 14;377(24):2403. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1714219. No abstract available.
PMID:
    29236638
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Select item 29233288
10.
Student pharmacists' perceptions of immunizations.
Kubli K, McBane S, Hirsch JD, Lorentz S.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2017 May;9(3):479-485. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
First year pharmacy students at the University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (UC San Diego SSPPS) completed a pre- and post-immunization training course questionnaire. Knowledge base and perceived importance level of immunizations including hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), varicella, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap), meningococcal and human papilloma virus (HPV) were assessed. In addition, apprehension of needle administration and fears regarding safety and efficacy were evaluated.Similar articles

Select item 29232456
11.
Susceptibility to measles in migrant population: implication for policy makers.
Ceccarelli G, Vita S, Riva E, Cella E, Lopalco M, Antonelli F, De Cesaris M, Fogolari M, Dicuonzo G, Ciccozzi M, Angeletti S; Sanitary Bureau of the Asylum Seekers Center of Castelnuovo di Porto.
J Travel Med. 2018 Jan 1;25(1). doi: 10.1093/jtm/tax080.

Despite a large measles outbreak is taking place in WHO European region, currently no data are available on measles immunization coverage in the asylum seeker and migrants hosted in this area.
Two hundred and fifty-six migrants upon their arrival in Italy on March, April and May 2016 were screened for measles virus IgG antibodies by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Liaison XL analyzer, Diasorin, Italy). The virus susceptibility in this cohort, the differences between the official country reported and the observed measles immunization coverage and the impact of current measles outbreak on the asylum seekers hosted in the largest Asylum Seeker centres of Italy, were evaluated.
The prevalence of subjects with positive result for measles IgG antibodies ranged between 79.9% and 100%. In Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan and Bangladesh, the measles IgG seroprevalence observed was greater than the vaccinal coverage reported by WHO after I dose of vaccine. Based on data regarding the II dose coverage, the ASs population presented a seroprevalence greater to that expected.
On the basis of the results obtained, extraordinary screening and vaccination campaigns in the migrant population, especially in the course of large outbreaks, could represent a resource to reach an adequate measles immunization coverage and to control this infectious disease.

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Select item 29229821
12.
Critical dynamics in population vaccinating behavior.
Pananos AD, Bury TM, Wang C, Schonfeld J, Mohanty SP, Nyhan B, Salathé M, Bauch CT.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Dec 26;114(52):13762-13767. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704093114. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
Vaccine refusal can lead to renewed outbreaks of previously eliminated diseases and even delay global eradication. Vaccinating decisions exemplify a complex, coupled system where vaccinating behavior and disease dynamics influence one another. Such systems often exhibit critical phenomena-special dynamics close to a tipping point leading to a new dynamical regime. For instance, critical slowing down (declining rate of recovery from small perturbations) may emerge as a tipping point is approached. Here, we collected and geocoded tweets about measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and classified their sentiment using machine-learning algorithms. We also extracted data on measles-related Google searches. We find critical slowing down in the data at the level of California and the United States in the years before and after the 2014-2015 Disneyland, California measles outbreak. Critical slowing down starts growing appreciably several years before the Disneyland outbreak as vaccine uptake declines and the population approaches the tipping point. However, due to the adaptive nature of coupled behavior-disease systems, the population responds to the outbreak by moving away from the tipping point, causing "critical speeding up" whereby resilience to perturbations increases. A mathematical model of measles transmission and vaccine sentiment predicts the same qualitative patterns in the neighborhood of a tipping point to greatly reduced vaccine uptake and large epidemics. These results support the hypothesis that population vaccinating behavior near the disease elimination threshold is a critical phenomenon. Developing new analytical tools to detect these patterns in digital social data might help us identify populations at heightened risk of widespread vaccine refusalFree Article
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Select item 29228134
13.
Genotype-Specific Measles Transmissibility: A Branching Process Analysis.
Ackley SF, Hacker JK, Enanoria WTA, Worden L, Blumberg S, Porco TC, Zipprich J.
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 6. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix974. [Epub ahead of print]

Background:Substantial heterogeneity in measles outbreak sizes may be due to genotype- specific transmissibility. Using a branching process analysis, we characterize differences in measles transmission by estimating the association between genotype and the reproduction num- ber R among post-elimination California measles cases from 2000-2015 (400 cases, 165 outbreaks).
Methods:Assuming a negative binomial secondary case distribution, we fit a branching process model to the distribution of outbreak sizes using maximum likelihood and estimated the effective reproduction number R for a multi-genotype model.
Results:Genotype B3 is found to be significantly more transmissible than other genotypes (p = 0.01) with an R of 0.64, 95% CI (0.48,0.71), while the R for all other genotypes combined is 0.43, 95% CI (0.28,0.54). This result is robust to excluding the 2014-2015 outbreak linked to Disneyland theme parks (referred to as outbreak A for conciseness and clarity) (p = 0.04) and modeling genotype as a random effect (p = 0.004 including outbreak A and p = 0.02 excluding outbreak A). This result was not accounted for by season of introduction, age of index case, or vaccination of the index case. The R for outbreaks with a school-aged index case is 0.69, 95% CI (0.52,0.78), while the R for outbreaks with a non-school-aged index case is 0.28, 95% CI (0.19,0.35), but this cannot account for differences between genotypes.
Conclusion:Variability in measles transmissibility may have important implications for measles control: the vaccination threshold required for elimination may not be the same for all genotypes or age groups.

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Select item 29216027
14.
Acute Malnutrition Among Children, Mortality, and Humanitarian Interventions in Conflict-Affected Regions - Nigeria, October 2016-March 2017.
Leidman E, Tromble E, Yermina A, Johnston R, Isokpunwu C, Adeniran A, Bulti A.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Dec 8;66(48):1332-1335. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6648a4.

A public health emergency was declared by the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health in northeastern Nigeria in June 2016 and escalated by the United Nations to a Level 3 Emergency in August 2016, after confirmation of wild poliovirus and measles outbreaks and evidence that prevalence of acute malnutrition exceeded emergency thresholds in areas newly liberated from Boko Haram control (1,2). To monitor rates of mortality, acute malnutrition among children, infectious disease morbidity, and humanitarian interventions after the emergency declaration, a series of cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in fall 2016 and winter 2017 in the northeastern states of Borno and Yobe using a cluster methodology. All-cause mortality among all age groups (crude mortality) and among children aged <5 2016="" 2017="" above="" and="" class="highlight" despite="" emergency="" evidence="" from="" health="" in="" including="" increased="" interventions="" mortality="" of="" preventive="" public="" significantly="" span="" thresholds="" under-five="" were="" years="">measles

vaccination. Access to treatment for common childhood illnesses remained very low, as evidenced by reports of fewer than one in six children in areas outside Borno's capital receiving any care for diarrhea. The data from these surveys provide evidence of excessively high mortality (particularly among children), highlight the impact of ongoing violence, and underscore the need for humanitarian efforts to scale up access to treatment services in conflict-affected areas.Free Article
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Select item 29206935
15.
Report of a Myocarditis Outbreak among Pediatric Patients: Human Herpesvirus 7 as a Causative Agent?
Ozdemir R, Kucuk M, Dibeklioglu SE.
J Trop Pediatr. 2017 Nov 30. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmx093. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
    29206935
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Select item 29195536
16.
Mountains, Melting Pot, and Microcosm: Health Care Delay and Dengue/Zika Interplay on Hawaii Island.
Baenziger NL.
Creat Nurs. 2016 Nov 1;22(4):233-242. doi: 10.1891/1078-4535.22.4.233.
PMID:
    29195536
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17.
Measles vaccination status of nurses and associated factors during community measles outbreaks.
Kim KM, Choi JS.
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2017 Nov 29. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12194. [Epub ahead of print]
 In order to encourage an increased measles vaccination rate in nurses, hospitals should screen susceptible nurses and offer vaccination. Effective measles vaccination campaigns and educational programs are also required in hospitals.
PMID:
    29193760

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Select item 29181956
18.
Infectious diseases in Poland in 2015
Sadkowska-Todys M, Zieliński A, Czarkowski MPMP.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2017;71(3):295-309.
Most measles infections are imported infections or in contact with them in the country. In 2015 the number of cases was 48 (0.12 / 100,000).
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    29181956
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Select item 29168439
19.
Drivers of measles mortality: the historic fatality burden of famine in Bangladesh.
Mahmud AS, Alam N, Metcalf CJE.
Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Dec;145(16):3361-3369. doi: 10.1017/S0950268817002564. Epub 2017 Nov 23.Measles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Estimates of the case-fatality rate (CFR) of measles have varied widely from place to place, as well as in the same location over time. Amongst populations that have experienced famine or armed conflict, measles CFR can be especially high, although past work has mostly focused on refugee populations. Here, we estimate measles CFR between 1970 and 1991 in a rural region of Bangladesh, which experienced civil war and famine in the 1970s. We use historical measles mortality data and a mechanistic model of measles transmission to estimate the CFR of measles. We first demonstrate the ability of this model to recover the CFR in the absence of incidence data, using simulated mortality data. Our method produces CFR estimates that correspond closely to independent estimates from surveillance data and we can capture both the magnitude and the change in CFR suggested by these previous estimates. We use this method to quantify the sharp increase in CFR that resulted in a large number of deaths during a measles outbreak in the region in 1976. Most of the children who died during this outbreak were born during a famine in 1974, or in the 2 years preceding the famine. Our results suggest that the period of turmoil during and after the 1971 war and the sustained effects of the famine, is likely to have contributed to the high fatality burden of the 1976 measles outbreak in Matlab.
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    29168439
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Select item 2915566
20.
Use of a Diagonal Approach to Health System Strengthening and Measles Elimination after a Large Nationwide Outbreak in Mongolia.
Hagan JE, Greiner A, Luvsansharav UO, Lake J, Lee C, Pastore R, Takashima Y, Sarankhuu A, Demberelsuren S, Smith R, Park B, Goodson JL.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;23(13). doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170594. 
Measles is a highly transmissible infectious disease that causes serious illness and death worldwide. Efforts to eliminate measles through achieving high immunization coverage, well-performing surveillance systems, and rapid and effective outbreak response mechanisms while strategically engaging and strengthening health systems have been termed a diagonal approach. In March 2015, a large nationwide measles epidemic occurred in Mongolia, 1 year after verification of measles elimination in this country. A multidisciplinary team conducted an outbreak investigation that included a broad health system assessment, organized around the Global Health Security Agenda framework of Prevent-Detect-Respond, to provide recommendations for evidence-based interventions to interrupt the epidemic and strengthen the overall health system to prevent future outbreaks of measles and other epidemic-prone infectious threats. This investigation demonstrated the value of evaluating elements of the broader health system in investigating measles outbreaks and the need for using a diagonal approach to achieving sustainable measles elimination.
PMID:
    29155667
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