Pienet nukleaariset RNA:t, Coilin, Cajal body, Osuutta virusinfektioissakin kuten syövässä?

(1)   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25514182/

. 2014 Nov 6;56(3):389-399.

doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Nov 6.

The coilin interactome identifies hundreds of small noncoding RNAs that traffic through Cajal bodies

Martin Machyna  ¹ , Stephanie Kehr  ² , Korinna Straube  ¹ , Dennis Kappei  ³ , Frank Buchholz  ³ , Falk Butter  ⁴ , Jernej Ule  ⁵ , Jana Hertel  ² , Peter F Stadler  ² , Karla M Neugebauer  ⁶

AffiliationsDOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.004   Free article

Abstract

Coilin protein scaffolds Cajal bodies (CBs)-subnuclear compartments enriched in small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)-and promotes efficient spliceosomal snRNP assembly. The molecular function of coilin, which is intrinsically disordered with no defined motifs, is poorly understood. We use UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) to determine whether mammalian coilin binds RNA in vivo and to identify targets. Robust detection of snRNA transcripts correlated with coilin ChIP-seq peaks on snRNA genes, indicating that coilin binding to nascent snRNAs is a site-specific CB nucleator. Surprisingly, several hundred small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were identified as coilin interactors, including numerous unannotated mouse and human snoRNAs. We show that all classes of snoRNAs concentrate in CBs. Moreover, snoRNAs lacking specific CB retention signals traffic through CBs en route to nucleoli, consistent with the role of CBs in small RNP assembly. Thus, coilin couples snRNA and snoRNA biogenesis, making CBs the cellular hub of small ncRNA metabolism.

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 

 

 (2) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35145038/

 Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Disorders and roles of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA in cancer

Lin Xiao  ^{1   2} , Jie Wang  ² , Shaoqing Ju  ¹ , Ming Cui  ^{1   2} , Rongrong Jing  ³

Affiliations

• DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108327

Abstract

Most small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) with regulatory functions are encoded by majority sequences in the human genome, and the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology has greatly expanded our understanding of sncRNAs. sncRNAs are composed of a variety of RNAs, including tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), etc. While for some, sncRNAs' implication in several pathologies is now well established, the potential involvement of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA in human diseases is only beginning to emerge. Recently, accumulating pieces of evidence demonstrate that tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA play an important role in many biological processes, and their dysregulation is closely related to the progression of cancer. Abnormal expression of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA participates in the occurrence and development of tumours through different mechanisms, such as transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional regulation. In this review, we describe the research progress in the classification, biogenesis and biological function of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA. Moreover, we emphasised their dysregulation and mechanism of action in cancer and discussed their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Keywords: cytogenetics; genetic research; medical oncology; molecular biology; neoplasms.

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