Katson oheen PubMed lähtreestä tietoa TIM3 ja PD1 geenistä , niiden proteiinista , merkityksestä ja niiden vastavaikuttajista, jos löytyy tietoa.
Fighting COVID-19 exhausts T cells
Nature Reviews Immunology
(2020)
Lymphopenia
is seen in severe cases of COVID-19, but the functional state of T
cells in these patients is not known. Based on the retrospective study
of 522 patients with COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls from Wuhan, China,
this preprint study found that the age-dependent and clinical
severity-dependent reduction in T cell numbers inversely correlates with
serum levels of TNF, IL-6 and IL-10. The expression of T cell
exhaustion markers (PD1 and TIM3) was assessed in peripheral blood cells
from 14 patients with COVID-19 and 3 controls. CD8+ T cells
from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) showed increased expression
of PD1 compared with patients not in ICUs and healthy controls. This
suggests that as disease severity progresses in patients with COVID-19, a
concomitant rise in inflammatory cytokine levels may drive the
depletion and exhaustion of T cell populations.
LÄHDETIETOA: TIM3 geeni https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84868
LÄHDETIETOA2: PD1(2q37.3), PDCD1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5133
LÄHDETIETOA: TIM3 geeni https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84868
- Official Symbol
- HAVCR2 (5q33.3)
- Official Full Name
- hepatitis A virus cellular receptor
- REVIEWED
- Also known as
- TIM3; CD366; KIM-3; SPTCL; TIMD3; Tim-3; TIMD-3; HAVcr-2
- Summary
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and TIM family of proteins. CD4-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas, Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. This protein is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation, and inhibits Th1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses, and promotes immunological tolerance. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
- Expression
- Broad expression in lymph node (RPKM 12.1), spleen (RPKM 10.5) and 23 other tissues See more
- Preferred Names
- hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
- Names
- T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3
- T-cell immunoglobulin mucin family member 3
- T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 3
- T-cell membrane protein 3
- kidney injury molecule-3
- FEATURES:
- (Huomaa miten ravinnosta riippuva molekyyli Esim N-terminaalissa valiini, 8 leusiinia ja treoniini peräkkäin, kaikki nn essentiellejä aminohappoja, myös pari viiden essentiellin aminohapon sekvednssiä huomaan. Useita cysteiineja. Katson miten kide järjestyy ja se koordinoituu Kalsiumjonilla.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_116171.3
- Conserved Domains (2) summary
-
- smart00410
Location:26 → 126 - IG_like; Immunoglobulin like. IG domains that cannot be classified into one of IGv1, IGc1, IGc2, IG.
- pfam07686
Location:28 → 122 - V-set; Immunoglobulin V-set domain
This domain is found in antibodies as well as neural protein P0 and CTL4 amongst others.
- smart00410
ORIGIN 1 mfshlpfdcv lllllllltr sseveyraev gqnaylpcfy tpaapgnlvp vcwgkgacpv 61 fecgnvvlrt derdvnywts rywlngdfrk gdvsltienv tladsgiycc riqipgimnd 121 ekfnlklvik pakvtpaptr qrdftaafpr mlttrghgpa etqtlgslpd inltqistla 181 nelrdsrlan dlrdsgatir igiyigagic aglalalifg alifkwyshs kekiqnlsli 241 slanlppsgl anavaegirs eeniytieen vyeveepney ycyvssrqqp sqplgcrfam 301 p //
LÄHDETIETOA2: PD1(2q37.3), PDCD1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5133
- PDCD1
- Official Full Name
- programmed cell death 1
- Also known as
- PD1; PD-1; CD279; SLEB2; hPD-1; hPD-l; hSLE1
- Summary
- This gene encodes a cell surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed in pro-B-cells and is thought to play a role in their differentiation. In mice, expression of this gene is induced in the thymus when anti-CD3 antibodies are injected and large numbers of thymocytes undergo apoptosis. Mice deficient for this gene bred on a BALB/c background developed dilated cardiomyopathy and died from congestive heart failure. These studies suggest that this gene product may also be important in T cell function and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
- Expression
- Biased expression in lymph node (RPKM 8.8), spleen (RPKM 2.6) and 7 other tissues See more
- Preferred Names
- programmed cell death protein 1
- Names
- programmed cell death 1 protein
- protein PD-1
- systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility 2
FEATURES: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_005009.2
(Humaan rakenteessa kothia joihin kiinnittyy: Nivolumab (25..34) ja Pembrolizumab (70..77)tt on maininta Ruotsinkin FASSissa: PD1-hämmarna nivolumab (Opdivo) och pembrolizumab (Keytruda) vid avancerat malignt melanom.
CDS 1..288 /gene="PDCD1" /gene_synonym="CD279; hPD-1; hPD-l; hSLE1; PD-1; PD1; SLEB2" /coded_by="NM_005018.3:57..923" /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS33428.1" /db_xref="GeneID:5133" /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8760" /db_xref="MIM:600244" ORIGIN 1 mqipqapwpv vwavlqlgwr pgwfldspdr pwnpptfspa llvvtegdna tftcsfsnts 61 esfvlnwyrm spsnqtdkla afpedrsqpg qdcrfrvtql pngrdfhmsv vrarrndsgt 121 ylcgaislap kaqikeslra elrvterrae vptahpspsp rpagqfqtlv vgvvggllgs 181 lvllvwvlav icsraargti garrtgqplk edpsavpvfs vdygeldfqw rektpeppvp 241 cvpeqteyat ivfpsgmgts sparrgsadg prsaqplrpe dghcswpl //
- Conserved Domains (1) summary
-
- cd16088
Location:35 → 144 - IgV_PD1; Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of Programmed cell Death 1 (PD1)
Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of Programmed cell Death 1 (PD1)Programmed cell Death 1 (PD1, also known as CD279 or cluster of differentiation 279) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed on T cells and pro-B cells. The protein's structure includes an extracellular IgV domain followed by a transmembrane region and an intracellular tail. Activation of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, B cells, and monocytes induces PD-1 expression, immediately after which it binds two distinct ligands, PD-L1 (also known as B7-H1 or CD274) and PD-L2, also known as B7-DC. PD-1 plays an important role in down regulating the immune system by preventing the activation of T-cells, reducing autoimmunity and promoting self-tolerance. The inhibitory effect of PD-1 is accomplished by promoting apoptosis in antigen specific T-cells in lymph nodes while simultaneously reducing apoptosis in regulatory T cells. A class of drugs that target PD-1, known as the PD-1 inhibitors, activate the immune system to attack tumors and treat cancer. Comparisons between the mouse PD-1 (mPD-1) and human PD-1 (hPD-1) reveals that unlike the mPD-1 which has a conventional IgSF V-set domain, hPD-1 lacks a C" strand, and instead the C' and D strands are connected by a long and flexible loop. In addition, the BC loop is not stabilized by disulfide bonding to the F strand of the ligand binding beta sheet. These differences result in different binding affinities of human and mouse PD-1 for their ligands
- cd16088
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