LSDV eläinten virustauti genus Capripoxvirus,Chordopoxvirinae, Poxviridae Chitovirales, Pokkesviricetes , Nucleocytoviricota, Bamfordvirae Varidnaviria

 Tämä virus käyttää KELCH-proteiiniraknnetta  edukseen 

Clinical signs:

Clinical signs vary, with younger animals more severely affected.

• Nodular skin lesions (lumps) on the animal’s body, muzzle, nose, head, neck, back, legs, scrotum, perineum, udder, eyelids, tail and mouth
• Nodules can also develop internally, particularly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
• Fever
• Listlessness and reluctance to eat
• Ocular and nasal discharge
• Milk drop with weight loss

Virology Taxonomy

Realm Varidnaviria, 

kingdom Bamfordvirae, 

phylum Nucleocytoviricota,

 class Pokkesviricetes, 

order Chitovirales, 

family Poxviridae,

 subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,

 genus Capripoxvirus, 

species Lumpy skin disease virus, LSDV

Virion: LSDV virion displays a typical poxvirus morphology: brick-shaped virions (220-450 long × 140-260 wide × 140-260 nm thick). Virions consist of a lipoprotein surface membrane enclosing a biconcave core that contains the DNA genome. Two lateral bodies are present in the concave regions between the core and the membrane.

Genome: The LSDV genome is a linear molecule of dsDNA,151,000 base pairs (bp) in length, with covalently-closed ends. The viral genome encodes 156 putative genes and is organized in a central region flanked by identical inverted terminal repeats of ~2,400 bp each.

Lifecycle: Virus entry is mediated by fusion between viral and cellular membranes at the plasma membrane or following endocytosis. 

The early phase of replication includes expression of proteins needed for replication of viral DNA and modulation of the host cellular functions and antiviral defences. 

DNA replication and gene expression occur in the cytoplasm in ‘virus factories’ and is mediated by virus-encoded proteins. 

The late phase of replication includes the expression of structural proteins involved in the multistage assembly of new virions. Virions are released by exocytosis or after cell lysis. 

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41011822/ 

• 2025 Sep 12;14(9):922. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14090922. Genomic Analysis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus from Western and Central Africa Suggests a Distinct Sub-Lineage Within the 1.2 LSDV Cluster

John Fadele  ^{1   2} , 

 Abstract Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) is a transboundary pathogen that affects cattle, causing significant economic losses, particularly in Africa and Asia. While the virus was originally endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, it has rapidly spread to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, necessitating comprehensive genomic surveillance. 

Despite LSDV's African origins, genomic data from West and Central Africa remain scarce, limiting insights into regional viral evolution and vaccine compatibility.

 In this study, molecular detection of LSDV was carried out on cattle samples from Nigeria, Cameroon, and Benin. However, comparative genomic analysis was performed using two near-complete LSDV genomes obtained from Cameroon.

 Phylogenetic evaluation revealed that LSDV strains from Nigeria and Cameroon cluster within the classical 1.2 lineage. Furthermore, the two sequences from this study cluster with the only publicly available sequence from West and Central Africa, supporting earlier findings of the presence of a West/Central African sub-lineage.

 Functional genomic analysis identified mutations in genes encoding ankyrin repeat Kelch-like proteins, and envelope proteins involved in immune evasion and viral virulence, raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness.

 Furthermore, the detection of LSDV in flesh flies (Sarcophaga spp.) underlines their potential role in virus transmission. 

These findings highlight the importance of genomic monitoring and targeted surveillance.

Keywords: Africa; Kelch-like proteins; Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV); SNP mutations; ankyrin repeat proteins; genomic analysis; phylogenetic analysis; poxviruses; vaccine efficacy; vector transmission.