Swiss Model pandemisesta viruksesta sisältää paljon päivitettyä tietoa.europiliini 1 Sars-2 viruksen S1:n reseptorina .

 Sars-2 viruksen  neurotropismi oftalmiseen kudokseen on selitetty täten:  

Neuropiliinit NRP1 ja NRP2 toimivat myös  ACE2:n ohella  reseptoreina virukselle ja oftalmisessa kudoksessa ACE-2 pitoisuus on vähäinen ja neuropiliiniä taas esiintyy runsaammin. 

 Katson tietoa neuropiliinigeeneistä: 

 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NRP1&keywords=NRP1

Entrez Gene Summary for NRP1 Gene

• This gene encodes one of two neuropilins, which contain specific protein domains which allow them to participate in several different types of signaling pathways that control cell migration. Neuropilins contain a large N-terminal extracellular domain, made up of complement-binding, coagulation factor V/VIII, and meprin domains. These proteins also contains a short membrane-spanning domain and a small cytoplasmic domain. Neuropilins bind many ligands and various types of co-receptors; they affect cell survival, migration, and attraction. Some of the ligands and co-receptors bound by neuropilins are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. This protein has also been determined to act as a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19) to infect host cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2020]

GeneCards Summary for NRP1 Gene

NRP1 (Neuropilin 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NRP1 include Covid-19 and Cerebral Arteriopathy, Autosomal Dominant, With Subcortical Infarcts And Leukoencephalopathy, Type 1. Among its related pathways are ERK Signaling and Development Slit-Robo signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include heparin binding and growth factor binding. An important paralog of this gene is NRP2.

 

NRP2 on tunnewttu sytomegalovirusreseptorifunktiosta. NRP1 näyttää  olevan tas  Sars-2 virus reseptori.  

NRP2:

Entrez Gene Summary for NRP2 Gene

• This gene encodes a member of the neuropilin family of receptor proteins. The encoded transmembrane protein binds to SEMA3C protein {sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3C} and SEMA3F protein {sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3F}, and interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This protein may play a role in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for NRP2 Gene

NRP2 (Neuropilin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NRP2 include Wallerian Degeneration and Exudative Vitreoretinopathy 1. Among its related pathways are ERK Signaling and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include growth factor binding. An important paralog of this gene is NRP1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for NRP2 Gene

• High affinity receptor for semaphorins 3C, 3F, VEGF-165 and VEGF-145 isoforms of VEGF, and the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF.

  • NRP2_HUMAN,O60462
• (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human cytomegalovirus pentamer-dependent entry in epithelial and endothelial cells.

  • NRP2_HUMAN,O60462

 NRP1: https://www.dovepress.com/neuropilin-1-a-novel-entry-factor-for-sars-cov-2-infection-and-a-poten-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-BTT

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for NRP1 Gene

• Cell-surface receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system. Mediates the chemorepulsant activity of semaphorins (PubMed:9288753, PubMed:9529250, PubMed:10688880). Recognizes a C-end rule (CendR) motif R/KXXR/K on its ligands which causes cellular internalization and vascular leakage (PubMed:19805273). It binds to semaphorin 3A, the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, the VEGF165 isoform of VEGFA and VEGFB (PubMed:9288753, PubMed:9529250, PubMed:10688880, PubMed:19805273). Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF165 binding to KDR as well as increased chemotaxis. Regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Binding to VEGFA initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity). Regulates mitochondrial iron transport via interaction with ABCB8/MITOSUR (PubMed:30623799).

  • NRP1_HUMAN,O14786
• [Isoform 2]: Binds VEGF-165 and may inhibit its binding to cells (PubMed:10748121, PubMed:26503042). May induce apoptosis by sequestering VEGF-165 (PubMed:10748121). May bind as well various members of the semaphorin family. Its expression has an averse effect on blood vessel number and integrity.

  • NRP1_HUMAN,O14786
• (Microbial infection) Acts as a host factor for human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognizes and binds to CendR motif RRAR on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 which enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection.

  • NRP1_HUMAN,O14786