ANNEXIINI A5 ja vaikean Covid-19 taudin mahdollista terapiaa. Uutta strategiaa etsimässä

 

REVIEW article

Front. Pharmacol., 09 September 2021
Sec. Inflammation Pharmacology
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.735472

This article is part of the Research Topic

Women in Inflammation Pharmacology: 2021

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Therapeutic Potential of Annexins in Sepsis and COVID-19

Louise Mui¹, Claudio M. Martin^1,2*, Brent J. Tschirhart³ and Qingping Feng^2,3

• ¹Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
• ²Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
• ³Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada

Sepsis is a continuing problem in modern healthcare, with a relatively high prevalence, and a significant mortality rate worldwide. Currently, no specific anti-sepsis treatment exists despite decades of research on developing potential therapies. Annexins are molecules that show efficacy in preclinical models of sepsis but have not been investigated as a potential therapy in patients with sepsis. Human annexins play important roles in cell membrane dynamics, as well as mediation of systemic effects. Most notably, annexins are highly involved in anti-inflammatory processes, adaptive immunity, modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, as well as protective shielding of cells from phagocytosis. These discoveries led to the development of analogous peptides which mimic their physiological function, and investigation into the potential of using the annexins and their analogous peptides as therapeutic agents in conditions where inflammation and coagulation play a large role in the pathophysiology. In numerous studies, treatment with recombinant human annexins and annexin analogue peptides have consistently found positive outcomes in animal models of sepsis, myocardial infarction, and ischemia reperfusion injury. Annexins A1 and A5 improve organ function and reduce mortality in animal sepsis models, inhibit inflammatory processes, reduce inflammatory mediator release, and protect against ischemic injury. The mechanisms of action and demonstrated efficacy of annexins in animal models support development of annexins and their analogues for the treatment of sepsis. The effects of annexin A5 on inflammation and platelet activation may be particularly beneficial in disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human annexin A5 are currently being studied in clinical trials in sepsis and severe COVID-19 patients.