Artikkeli alkuvuodesta 2018 .
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23916-z#Tab5
KandidaattimikroRNA.ta EBOV genomisegmentin suhteen : vasemmalla 2´pääty joka transkriboituu ensin. ja siinä olevat segmentit (NP) runsaimmin , samoin vastaavat miRNA:t.
Esiintymäkirjot kuitenkaan eivät määräydy transkriboitumismääristä. niistä on eri taulukot.
EBOV virustaudeissa ilmeneviä miRNA kirjoja:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23916-z/figures/5
Kohdegeeneistä
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23916-z/tables/5
Introduction and Aims: Enveloped viruses like Ebola,
SARS, HIV and Influenza are facilitating many of their destructive
features by shedding and secreting glycoproteins (GP). In October 2014 a
patient with a Ebola Zaire strain (EBOV) infection was treated in our
hospital. In order to reduce EBOV viral and GP load we performed a
Lectin Affinity Plasmapheresis (LAP, first time worldwide in EVD). We
evaluated viral and GP removal by LAP.
Methods: (1) LAP combines plasma separation with virus capture by the unique lectin Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), which resides in the extracapillary spaces of the plasmafilter (see US Patent 20120037564 A1). GNA has a high affinity to GP that are universal constituents on the surface of enveloped viruses. Because of the size restricting 200 nm plasmafilter pores no cellular blood components get in touch with the lectin affinity matrix. At the end of the LAP device the plasma recombines with the blood. The Patient’s plasma never leaves the device. The LAP device (Hemopurifier®, Aethlon Medical, San Diego, USA) was incorporated in the arterial line upstream of the dialyzer. LAP was performed safely on EVD day 13 (6,5 hours).
(2) Dialysis (post-dilution CVVHDF with regional citrate anticoagulation) was performed using a multiFiltrate Ci-Ca® device (Fresenius Medical Care (FMC), Bad Homburg, Germany) equipped with the multiFiltrate Ci-Ca-cassette tubing system (FMC) and the AV 1000S dialyzer (FMC).
(3) After treatment the device was flushed with 1000 ml NaCl 0,9%, stored in a refrigerator (4°C) for 10 days until transport to the National EBOV Reference Laboratory at Phlipps University in Marburg, Germany. There the LAP device was eluted according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The eluted RNA was used for reverse transcription, and quantitative real-time PCR. In addition eluates were centrifugated, and pellets as well as supernatants were used for SDS gel electrophoresis followed by western blotting with anti-GP1 (German National EBOV Reference Laboratory, Marburg, Germany), and anti-GP2 (Filovirus Laboratory, INSERM U758, ENS Lyon, France) antibodies.
Results: The LAP device was easily integrated into the extracorporeal circuit. LAP was performed safely (no hemolysis, no clotting or anaphylactic reaction). As shown by western blots circulating GP was removed in addtion to the elimination of 253.160.000 EBOV copies. The EBOV-IgG-titer did further increase after the LAP treatment, and viral load measurements during the treatment phase did show a 3-fold decrease. After EVD day 13 the patient did improve steadily and finally fully recovered.
Conclusions: Our data provide a proof of concept for important supportive Ebola GP and virus capture and warrant further examination of LAP. Reduction of viral load and GP maybe benefical in all diseases caused by enveloped viruses.
Methods: (1) LAP combines plasma separation with virus capture by the unique lectin Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), which resides in the extracapillary spaces of the plasmafilter (see US Patent 20120037564 A1). GNA has a high affinity to GP that are universal constituents on the surface of enveloped viruses. Because of the size restricting 200 nm plasmafilter pores no cellular blood components get in touch with the lectin affinity matrix. At the end of the LAP device the plasma recombines with the blood. The Patient’s plasma never leaves the device. The LAP device (Hemopurifier®, Aethlon Medical, San Diego, USA) was incorporated in the arterial line upstream of the dialyzer. LAP was performed safely on EVD day 13 (6,5 hours).
(2) Dialysis (post-dilution CVVHDF with regional citrate anticoagulation) was performed using a multiFiltrate Ci-Ca® device (Fresenius Medical Care (FMC), Bad Homburg, Germany) equipped with the multiFiltrate Ci-Ca-cassette tubing system (FMC) and the AV 1000S dialyzer (FMC).
(3) After treatment the device was flushed with 1000 ml NaCl 0,9%, stored in a refrigerator (4°C) for 10 days until transport to the National EBOV Reference Laboratory at Phlipps University in Marburg, Germany. There the LAP device was eluted according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The eluted RNA was used for reverse transcription, and quantitative real-time PCR. In addition eluates were centrifugated, and pellets as well as supernatants were used for SDS gel electrophoresis followed by western blotting with anti-GP1 (German National EBOV Reference Laboratory, Marburg, Germany), and anti-GP2 (Filovirus Laboratory, INSERM U758, ENS Lyon, France) antibodies.
Results: The LAP device was easily integrated into the extracorporeal circuit. LAP was performed safely (no hemolysis, no clotting or anaphylactic reaction). As shown by western blots circulating GP was removed in addtion to the elimination of 253.160.000 EBOV copies. The EBOV-IgG-titer did further increase after the LAP treatment, and viral load measurements during the treatment phase did show a 3-fold decrease. After EVD day 13 the patient did improve steadily and finally fully recovered.
Conclusions: Our data provide a proof of concept for important supportive Ebola GP and virus capture and warrant further examination of LAP. Reduction of viral load and GP maybe benefical in all diseases caused by enveloped viruses.