Tampereen Aamulehti mainitsee tänään hevosten koronaviruksesta (ECoV)

 Kangasalalainen ratsastus­koulu painii tunnistamattoman tauti­aallon kanssa – yrittäjä epäilee syyksi hevosten koronavirusta, josta on tullut Suomessa yleinen riesa Juttua täydennetty lisätiedoilla 30.12. klo 16.41 Lue lisää kirjoittajalta Juha Karilainen, Emma Heikkilä Seuraa ja lue artikkeliin liittyviä aiheita

Viite 1. Equine coronavirus: An emerging enteric virus of adult horses.

Pusterla N, Vin R, Leutenegger C, Mittel LD, Divers TJ. Equine Vet Educ. 2016 Apr;28(4):216-223. doi: 10.1111/eve.12453. Epub 2015 Oct 25. PMID: 32313392 Free PMC article. Review.  Abstract

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is an emerging virus associated clinically and epidemiologically with fever, depression, anorexia and less frequently colic and diarrhoea in adult horses. Sporadic cases and outbreaks have been reported with increased frequency since 2010 from Japan, the USA and more recently from Europe. A faeco-oral transmission route is suspected and clinical or asymptomatic infected horses appear to be responsible for direct and indirect transmission of ECoV. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of ECoV infection may be suggested by clinical presentation, haematological abnormalities such as leucopenia due to lymphopenia and/or neutropenia. Confirmation of ECoV infection is provided by specific ECoV nucleic acid detection in faeces by quantitative PCR (qPCR) or demonstration of coronavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy in intestinal biopsy material obtained ante or post mortem. The disease is generally self-limiting and horses typically recover with symptomatic supportive care. Complications associated with disruption of the gastrointestinal barrier have been reported in some infected horses and include endotoxaemia, septicaemia and hyperammonaemia-associated encephalopathy. Although specific immunoprophylactic measures have been shown to be effective in disease prevention for closely-related coronaviruses such as bovine coronavirus (BCoV), such strategies have yet not been investigated for horses and disease prevention is limited to basic biosecurity protocols. This article reviews current knowledge concerning the aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathology, treatment and prevention of ECoV infection in adult horses. 

Viite 2.

Outbreak of equine coronavirus infection among riding horses in Tokyo, Japan

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101668

 

Viite 3.

 

The First Detection of Equine Coronavirus in Adult Horses and Foals in Ireland.

Nemoto M, Schofield W, Cullinane A. Viruses. 2019 Oct 14;11(10):946. doi: 10.3390/v11100946. PMID: 31615132 Free PMC article.

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of equine coronavirus (ECoV) in clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Ireland. ...Nucleocapsid, spike and the region from the p4.7 to p12.7 genes of positive samples were sequenced, and s … the Irish viruses were distinguishable from those circulating in other countries. This is the first report of ECoV detected in both foals and adult horses in Ireland.

Viite 2.

Identification of a recombinant equine coronavirus in donkey, China.

Qi PF, Gao XY, Ji JK, Zhang Y, Yang SH, Cheng KH, Cui N, Zhu ML, Hu T, Dong X, Yan B, Wang CF, Yang HJ, Shi WF, Zhang W. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022 Dec;11(1):1010-1013. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2056522. PMID: 35311478 Free PMC article.

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) was first identified in the USA and has been previously described in several countries. In order to test the presence of ECoV in China, we collected 51 small intestinal samples from donkey foals with diarrhoea from a donkey farm in Shandong Province, China between August 2020 and April 2021. Two samples tested positive for ECoV and full-length genome sequences were successfully obtained using next-generation sequencing, one of which was further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The two strains shared 100% sequence identity at the scale of whole genome. Bioinformatics analyses further showed that the two Chinese strains represent a novel genetic variant of ECoV and shared the highest sequence identity of 97.05% with the first identified ECoV strain - NC99. In addition, it may be a recombinant, with the recombination region around the NS2 gene. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of ECoV in China, highlighting its risk to horse/donkey breeding. In addition, its potential risk to public health also warrants further investigation.