OIE-ohjeita lintuinfluenssasta

http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Media_Center/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/AI-EN.pdf

http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/home/eng/Media_Center/docs/pdf/PortailAI/H5N8_OFFLU_Statement-1.pdf

Findings in 2014 –2015

In early 2014, the People's Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea

reported outbreaks of novel Eurasian (EA) H5N8-reassortant clade 2.3.4.4viruses in migratory birds and domestic poultry.

This H5N8 lineage of viruses has been characterized as highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry (HPAI) and to date has not been reported to cause disease in humans or other mammalian species.

By November 2014, there were multiple reports of the H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 in wild birds

from South Korea, Japan, Russia, Germany, Netherlands, and North America.

In several countries, the same viruses caused outbreaks in poultry

Findings in 2016

In 2016, cases of a new H5N8 reassortant were reported in wild birds in March in Republic of Korea; in June in Russia; in November in India; in ten countries of Europe (Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland and Netherlands) and two countries in the middle east (Israel and Iran) in November.

Affected domestic animals include

chickens,(Gallus domesticus), Kotikana, kyckling

ducks, (Anatidae, Anseriformes), Ankkalintuja, andfåglar

turkeys, (Meleagris gallopavo), Kalkkuna,Kalkon ;

and wild bird species include

common pochard (Aythya ferina),Punasotka, Brunand, Taffeland

tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) Tukkasotka, Vigg, Troldand

swans (Cygnus sp.), Joutsenlaji

gull (Laridae sp.), Lokkilaji

common coot (Fulica atra), Nokikana, Sothöna,Blishöne

storks (Ciconiidae sp.),Kattohaikaralaji, stork

greyheron (Ardea cinerea), Harmaahaikara, Gråhäger, Fiskehejre

great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Silkkiuikku, Skäggdopping, Toppet lappedykker

black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), Naurulokki, Skrattmås, Haettemåge

common tern (Sterna hirundo), Kalatiira, Fisktärna, Fjordterne

great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Merimetso, Storskarv, Skarv

painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala),( Intian ibishaikara),Indisk ibisstork, Indisk Skovstork, Buntstorch

pelican (Pelecanus sp.), Pelikaanilaji, pelikanart, pelikan

munia bird (Lonchura), Loistopeipot manikit (Lonchura), en smuk lille finkeagtig fugl, Estrildid Finch, Prachtfink

crow (Corvus sp.),Varislintulaji , kråkfågelart, Kragefugle

common buzzard (Buteo buteo), Hiirihaukka, Ormvråk, Musvåge

common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), Telkkä, Knipa, Hvinand

little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Pikku-uikku, Smådopping, Lille lappedykker

common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Liejukana, Rörhöna, Groenbenet roerhoene

yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis),Etelänharmaalokki ((Aroharmaalokin alalaji), Medelhavstrut , Middelhavsmåge

peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus),Muuttohaukka, Pilgrimsfalk, Vandrefalk

been goose (Anser fabalis), Metsähanhi, Sädgås,Saedgås

and other wild duckspecies (Anatidae sp.), Villiankkalajeja, vilda andfåglar,

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6, a related virus that is also in the clade 2.3.4.4

that was previously found in China, Vietnam and Laos, was found for the first time in

Republic of Korea and Japan from dead wild birds, captive animals (Japan only) and

poultry (Korea only). It should be noted that this group of H5N6 viruses has been associated with human infection,including a number of deaths.

Further information regarding circulation of the EA-H5N8clade 2.3.4.4 and subsequent

reassortants will further improve understanding of the epidemiology for these unique

viruses.

Countries are urged to share findings from surveillance activities that can help fill in these gaps.

Wild Bird Movements

The majority of wild bird migration across Europe, Africa and Asia subsides in November

for the winter season. While wintering locations of these migratory birds are

often stable, additional movement within a region may be affected by local weather

conditions, food resources, access to open water, etc.

Strategic wild-bird surveillance planning and enhanced messaging to poultry farmers to

strengthen biosecurity practices before spring migration is warranted, especially if the

virus persists over the winter in Europe, North America, and EastAsia.

Detections in indoor poultry farms where direct contact with wild birds has been considered negligible emphasizes indirect transmission to these production sectors

from contaminated environments via fomites or by air, further highlighting the ability of these viruses to persist in the natural environments.

Wild bird surveillance

In general, ongoing wild bird surveillance for avian influenza viruses is

encouraged and may help fill gaps in knowledge about circulating

influenza viruses.

Based upon recent events, OFFLU recommends continuing and strengthening

targeted wild bird surveillance activities in areas where EA-H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses

have been detected and in other areas where there are significant populations of migratory waterfowl.

Currently these areas include Asia, Europe, Africa and the Middle East.

Best practice guidelines established by FAO and OFFLU, including the

FAO’s Manual on Wild Bird Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Surveillance

and the OFFLU Strategy document for surveillance and monitoring of influenzas in animals

can be consulted to aid in surveillance strategiesand techniques.

There are several real-time RT-PCR protocols available for detection of EA-H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses and other avian influenzaviruses.

http://www.offlu.net/fileadmin/home/en/resource-centre/pdf/Eurasian_H5_RRT-PCR.pdf

http://www.offlu.net/fileadmin/home/en/resource-centre/pdf/NRL_AI_PCR_NN_RTqPCR_N8.pdf

Muistiin 11.1.2017 OIE lähteestä . Etsin suomalaista, ruotsalaista ja tanskalaista linnun nimen vastinetta engl. ja latinalaisen lisäksi.