WAHIS kertoo ilveksen kuolleen A H5N5 lintuinfluenssaan Norjassa. Mitä kuuluu HPAI H5N1 virukseen Suomessa?

 Löydän  suomalaisen tutkimuksen HPAI-lintuinfluenssaviruksesta ja sen  tarttuvuudesta myös ihmiskuntaan. Artikkeli on  tullut 2.1. 2025  esiin luewttavaksi. Sen voi kuunnella englanninkielellä.Kirjoittajat: Altan E, Avelin V, Aaltonen K, Korhonen E, Laine L, Lindh E.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2024.2447618#abstract

Research Article

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Finland in 2021-2023 – Genetic diversity of the viruses and infection kinetics in human dendritic cells

 Accepted author version posted online: 02 Jan 2025

• Cite this article
• https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2024.2447618

 

WHO antaa lausuntonsa koronavirusrokotteiden antigeenikoostumuksesta 23.12.2024 , suosituksia

 https://www.who.int/news/item/23-12-2024-statement-on-the-antigen-composition-of-covid-19-vaccines

 

• Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants are all derived from JN.1. The weekly proportion of XEC sequences among all SARS-CoV-2 sequences submitted to GISAID continues to increase, while the weekly proportions of all other Variants of Interest (JN.1) or Variants Under Monitoring (KP.2, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, JN.1.18 and LB.1) are now declining. There are other JN.1-derived variants that are currently in low proportions, but which have mutations that may give them an advantage over XEC: currently LP.8.1, NP.1, LF.7.2 are variants being monitored and/or characterized.
• In published and unpublished data using antisera from naïve animal models, circulating JN.1-derived variants (JN.1, JN.1.16.1, KP.2, KP.2.3, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, LB.1 and XEC) are antigenically closely related.

 ...

The timing, specific mutations and antigenic characteristics of emerging and future variants are difficult to predict, and the potential public health impact of these variants remain unknown. There are JN.1-derived variants such as LP.8.1, NP.1 and LF.7.2 that are currently in low proportions, but which have mutations that may give them more immune escape than XEC. These will continue to be monitored and/or characterized. The TAG-CO-VAC strongly supports the ongoing work of the TAG-VE. 

Estimates of VE against recently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, including XBB or JN.1 descendent lineages, are limited in terms of the number and geographic diversity of studies, vaccine platforms evaluated, populations assessed, and duration of follow-up. Furthermore, the referent population for VE estimates varies substantially with respect to prior history of vaccination. There are currently no direct comparative estimates for monovalent JN.1, KP.2 or XBB.1.5 vaccines versus other antigen composition(s) delivered during the same time period. Finally, VE estimates may be confounded by differences in undocumented infection-derived immunity between groups, leading to potential underestimation of VE (virus evolution)

...

Recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine antigen composition

Given the breadth in immune responses demonstrated by monovalent JN.1 lineage vaccines against circulating variants, the TAG-CO-VAC advises retaining the current COVID-19 vaccine antigen composition, i.e. a monovalent JN.1 lineage variant (NextStrain: 24A, GenBank: PP298019, GISAID: EPI_ISL_18872762) as one approach to induce enhanced neutralizing antibody responses to JN.1 and its descendent variants (e.g., KP.3.1.1 and XEC).

Other approaches that demonstrate broad and robust neutralizing antibody responses against currently circulating JN.1 descendent lineage variants, such as vaccine antigens derived from more recent variants or alternative formulations, could also be considered.

As per the WHO Director General’s  standing recommendations for COVID-19, Member States are recommended to continue to offer COVID-19 vaccination based on the recommendations of the WHO SAGE. Vaccination should not be delayed in anticipation of access to vaccines with an updated composition; vaccination programmes can continue to use any available WHO emergency-use listed or prequalified COVID-19 vaccines.

 

Further data requested

Given the limitations of the evidence upon which the recommendations above are derived and the anticipated continued evolution of the virus, the TAG-CO-VAC strongly encourages generation of the following data (in addition to the types of data outlined in October 2024): 

• Immune responses and clinical endpoints (i.e. VE and/or comparator rates of infection and severe disease) in varied human populations who receive COVID-19 vaccines with a monovalent JN.1 or KP.2 vaccine antigen composition, across different vaccine platforms, as well as further clinical and laboratory data on the performance of all currently approved COVID-19 vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
• Strengthened epidemiological and virological surveillance, as per the Standing Recommendations for COVID-19 in accordance with the International Health Regulations (2005), to determine if emerging variants are antigenically distinct and able to displace circulating variants.
• Clinical evaluation of relevant new vaccine antigens derived from more recent variants.

 

WHO päivitys Covid-19 pandemiasta 24.12.2024

 https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/20241224_covid-19_epi_update_special-edition.pdf?sfvrsn=b0a6ddaf_1&download=true

1
COVID-19 Epidemiological Update
Special Edition 174 published 24 December 2024
In this edition:
• Key highlights
• Global overview
• SARS-CoV-2 test positivity
• Morbidity and Mortality trends
• Hospitalizations and ICU admissions
• SARS-CoV-2 variants circulation
• Vaccination update
• WHO Regional Overview 

Virus evolution:
• SARS-CoV-2 has evolved significantly since its emergence. Key variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron each emerged with unique traits affecting transmissibility, severity and vaccine efficacy. Omicron diversified into further subvariants such as BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5, leading to successive infection waves globally. By 2023, recombinant subvariants like XBB and XBB.1.5 appeared. In late 2023, BA.2.86 led to JN.1, the most prevalent variant globally. As of December 2024, KP.3.1.1 is the most prevalent JN.1 descendent, followed by XEC, the latest designated variants under monitoring (VUMs), which is increasing in prevalence. The public health risk posed by XEC, relative to other circulating variants, has been assessed as low. Although its prevalence is increasing, XEC remains a VUM as it does not meet the criteria for classification as a VOI.

 

 

Pangokoodin nimilista laajenee edelleen. JN.1 varianttien alaryhmät saavat uusia merkintöjään Omikronien joukossa.

 https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/blob/master/pango_designation/alias_key.json

 

Huomaa myös rekombinaatiot! 

https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/blob/master/pango_designation/alias_key.json

"XDD": ["EG.5.1.1","JN.1","EG.5.1.1"],
    "XDE": ["GW.5.1","FL.13.4"],
    "XDF": ["XBB*","EG.5.1.3"],
    "XDG": ["FL.37","EG.5.2.4"],
    "XDH": ["BN.1.2.8","XBB.1.9.1"],
    "XDJ": ["XBB.1.16.6","HK.3.1"],
    "XDK": ["XBB.1.16.11","JN.1.1.1"],
    "XDL": ["EG.5.1.1","XBB*"],
    "XDM": ["XDA","GW.5","XDA"],
    "XDN": ["JN.1.1","JD.1*"],
    "XDP": ["JN.1.4","FL.15"],
    "XDQ": ["BA.2.86.1","FL.15.1.1"],
    "XDR": ["JD.1.1.1","JN.1.1"],
    "XDS": ["EG.5.1.3","JN.3.2.1","EG.5.1.3"],
    "XDT": ["BA.2.86.4","GK.1"],
    "XDU": ["XBB.1.16","BA.2.86.1"],
    "XDV": ["XDE","JN.1","XDE","JN.1"],
    "XDW": ["JN.2","XDA"],
    "XDY": ["LB.1.2.1","KP.3.2"],
    "XDZ": ["JG.3","JN.1.1.10"],
    "XEA": ["JN.1.63.1","EG.5"],
    "XEB": ["FL.15","JN.1.4","FL.15"],
    "XEC": ["KS.1.1","KP.3.3"],
    "XED": ["JN.1.4","LF.1.1.1"],
    "XEE": ["KP.2.3.7", "JN.1"],
    "XEF": ["LB.1.4", "KP.3"],
    "XEG": ["JN.3.2.1","GJ.1.2","JN.3.2.1","GJ.1.2"],
    "XEH": ["KP.1.1.3","KP.3"],
    "XEJ": ["JN.1", "LF.1.1.1"],
    "XEK": ["KP.2.3","XEC"],
    "XEL": ["KS.1.1.2","JN.1"],
    "XEM": ["KS.1","KP.3.3.1"],
    "XEN": ["KP.1.1.6","JN.1.11.1"],
    "XEP": ["KP.3.1.1","NP.2"],
    "XEQ": ["KS.1.1.2","KP.3"],
    "XER": ["KS.2","LF.7"],
    "XES": ["KP.2.3","KP.3.3"],
    "XET": ["KP.1.1.1","KP.3.1.1"],
    "XEU": ["XEK","XEC.8"]
}

 

Covid-19 ja Sars-Cov-2 tartunnat vain jatkuvat tosin hiljaiselolla edelleen vuoden 2024 lopulla.

 Rokotuksista on delleen hyötyä. Sairautta aiheuttava omikron varianttien joukko on JN.1  alalinjoista muodostunut ja edelleen ilmentää uusia varianttilinja. Kansanterveysviiraston lähteestä saa kuulla tilanteen ruotsinkielisenä tekstinä.  Suositellaan  ottamaan sekä koronavirusrokote että influenssavirusrokote, varsinkin  yli 65 vuotiaille ja iäkkäimmille   ja riskiryhmille  esitetään suositus.

https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/folkhalsorapportering-statistik/statistik-a-o/sjukdomsstatistik/covid-19-veckorapporter/

Veckorapporter för 2024

• Aktuell veckorapport om covid-19
• Arkiv för covid-19 veckorapporter 2024

Seuraava raportti saadaan viikon 45 lopulla.  

Taulukoitua tietoa: 

Tabellbilaga

Samtliga genetiska grupper i tabell 1 är undergrupper inom omikronvarianten JN.1. Data i tabell 1 är preliminära då sekvenseringsresultat kommer att tillkomma.

Tabell 1. Genetiska grupper enligt pangolin som utgör minst en procent av fall från vecka 38 till och med vecka 41 2024, sekvenserade inom övervakningsprogrammet för SARS-CoV-2.

Genetisk grupp enligt pangolin	Antal sekvenserade fall	Andel av sekvenserade fall (procent)
KP.3.1.1	342	44
XEC	105	14
JN.1.16.5	32	4
MC.1	24	3
MC.13	21	3
MC.16	19	2
LB.1.4	18	2
KP.2.3.6	16	2
KP.1.1.3	13	2
LF.7	13	2
KP.2.3	11	1
KP.3.3	10	1
MC.10	10	1
MC.6	9	1
MC.8	8	1

Uuden influenssapandemian alla... Tärkeää alustavaa tietoa H5N1 lintuviruksesta,joka on lähetnyt liikeklle lämminverisiin eläinlajeiin ja myös hieman ihmiskuntaan jo.

 https://www.buzzsprout.com/1109867/15128389

Euroopan tilanteesta   yllä.

GISAID , OIE /Wahis,  FAO, WHO   tietolähteitä.

Tavalliset Mekan matkakuolemat taas lisääntyneet 2024 - liekö joukossa Covid-19-pandemian jälkitilassa olevia?

 

Nearly 500 confirmed fatalities from Hajj heatwave as hundreds more feared dead. The official death toll from this year's Hajj pilgrimage has soared to almost 500 and the true toll could be more than double that as reports emerged that as many as 600 Egyptian worshipers perished on the route to Mecca amid extreme heat.for 1 dag siden Google News