Herpes 1 viruksen globaali merkitys, relevanssi. WHO tieto

WHO tietoa Herpesviruksesta  HSV-1 ja HSV-2 
LÄHDE:  (suomennosta)
 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/herpes/en/
 Lisää tästä asiasta:
 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs400/en/

Arviolta  kaksi kolmasosaa maailman väestöstä (67%) ,, alle 50-vuotiaista, on Herpse simplex 1-viruksen infektoimia, jten herpes simplex-1 viruksen kantaminen on lähinnä "normaliteetti", tavanomaista.
Herpes simplex-virus luokitellaan kahteen tyyppiin HSV1 ja HSV2 ja molemmat ovat  mitä infektoivimpia ja pinttyneimpiä. ne eivät poistu tuoltuaan kehoon.  HSV1 on yläpään virus ja HSV2 alapään virus ja tartunnat ovat vastaavat, joten informaatio ruven hoidosta on  tartuttamisen välttämiseksi.  uusien tietojen mukaan  myös HSV1 voi aiheutaa alapään infektiota. Näitäkin on diagnosoitu 140 miljoonaa. Jos hygieninen taso on hyvåä, harvempi lapsi saa herpeksen HSV-1  tyypin. . uusimpien argvioiden mukaan 15- 49 vuotiaista  500 miljoonalla on genitaaliherpes  HSV-1 tai HSV2. Kehitellään paikallisia antimikrobisidisiä lääkkeitä ja on ajateltu myös rokotetta.

• Globally, an estimated two-thirds of the population under 50 are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1

• News release

• 28 October 2015 ¦ GENEVA - More than 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 – or 67% of the population – are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), according to WHO’s first global estimates of HSV-1 infection published today in the journal PLOS ONE. 
• Herpes simplex virus is categorized into 2 types: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are highly infectious and incurable. HSV-1 is primarily transmitted by oral-oral contact and in most cases causes orolabial herpes or “cold sores” around the mouth. HSV-2 is almost entirely sexually transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, causing genital herpes. 
• “Access to education and information on both types of herpes and sexually transmitted infections is critical to protect young people’s health before they become sexually active,” Dr Marleen Temmerman, Director of WHO’s Department of Reproductive Health and Research 
• The new estimates highlight, however, that HSV-1 is also an important cause of genital herpes. Some 140 million people aged 15-49 years are infected with genital HSV-1 infection, primarily in the Americas, Europe and Western Pacific. Fewer people in high-income countries are becoming infected with HSV-1 as children, likely due to better hygiene and living conditions, and are instead at risk of contracting it genitally through oral sex after they become sexually active. 
• “Access to education and information on both types of herpes and sexually transmitted infections is critical to protect young people’s health before they become sexually active,” says Dr Marleen Temmerman, Director of WHO’s Department of Reproductive Health and Research. 
• Large number of genital infections . In January, WHO estimated that 417 million people aged 15-49 years have HSV-2 infection, which causes genital herpes. Taken together, the estimates reveal that over half a billion people between the ages of 15-49 years have genital infection caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. 
• “The new estimates highlight the crucial need for countries to improve data collection for both HSV types and sexually transmitted infections in general,” says Dr Temmerman. Given the lack of a permanent and curative treatment for both HSV-1 and HSV-2, WHO and partners are working to accelerate development of HSV vaccines and topical microbicides, which will have a crucial role in preventing these infections in the future. Several candidate vaccines and microbicides are currently being studied.

Alueelliset  infektioarviot (vuonna 2012) 0-49 vuotiaitten herpesinfektioista. prevalenssi ja uudet tapaukset.

• Regional infection estimates

Estimates for HSV-1 prevalence by region among people aged 0-49 in 2012:

• Americas: 178 million women (49%), 142 million men (39%)
• Africa: 350 million women (87%), 355 million men (87%)
• Eastern Mediterranean: 188 million women (75%), 202 million men (75%)
• Europe: 207 million women (69%), 187 million men (61%)
• South-East Asia: 432 million women (59%), 458 million men (58%)
• Western Pacific: 488 million women (74%), 521 million men (73%)

Estimates of new HSV-1 infections among people aged 0-49 in 2012:

• Americas: 6 million women, 5 million men
• Africa: 17 million women, 18 million men
• Eastern Mediterranean: 6 million women, 7 million men
• Europe: 5 million women, 5 million men
• South-East Asia: 13 million women, 14 million men
• Western Pacific: 11 million women, 12 million men

 Taudin oireet

Herpes on koko iän infektio, kun se on tarttunut. Usein  sen antamat oireet ovat lievät tai se voi olla oireeton, mutta se havaitaan HSV-1 tai HSV-2 vasta-aineiden olemassaolosta veressä. On vaikea arvioida  taudinoireisten osuutta, koska oireet voivat olla niin  lieviä tai  niitä  ei edes tunnisteta herpekseksi. USA:ssa  viidellätoista prosentilla HSV-2 infektiota potevista (15- 49 v)  on ollut aiemmin genitaaliherpes. Jos se antaa oireita, yhden tai  useamman kivuliaan rakon alapäässä, voidaan rohtumaa  hoitaa antiviruslääkkeellä, mutta  alkuepisodin jälkeen voi oireita toistuvasti esiintyä.  HSV-1 on  harvemmin esiintyvä syy  kuin HSV-2. Taudin välittyminen on usein oireeton. Viruksella voi olla  merkitsevä  negatiivinen vaikutus  infektoituneen  henkiseen hyvinvointiin ja henkilökohtaisiin suhteisiin.

 Harvoin HSV-1 johtaa vakavaan tautiin kuten aivotulehdukseen tai  silmätulehdukseen.  Orolabiaalinen ( suussa ja huulissa esiintyvä) rupi vaikuttaa sosiaalista stigmaa ja voi aiheuttaa sen takia psyykkistä stressiä. Niillä henkilöillä, joilla immuunipuolustus on alentunut (kuten HIV-1 potilailla), HSV-1 voi aiheuttaa  vakavampia infektioita ja toistua useammin.

• Disease symptoms

• Herpes is a lifelong infection, which often has mild or no symptoms but can be detected by the presence of antibodies for HSV-1 or HSV-2 in the blood. It is difficult to determine the proportion of HSV-infected people worldwide who have symptomatic disease, as symptoms may be mild or simply not recognized as herpes. In the United States of America, about 15% of people with HSV-2 infection report a prior diagnosis of genital herpes. 
• When genital herpes symptoms do occur, they take the form of one or more painful genital or anal blisters or ulcers. Herpes symptoms can be treated with antivirals, but after an initial episode, symptoms can recur. Recurrences of genital herpes due to HSV-1 are generally much less frequent than for HSV-2. 
• Transmission of HSV most often occurs without symptoms. The virus can have a significant negative impact upon an infected person’s mental wellness and personal relationships. 
• People with orolabial herpes symptoms may face social stigma, and can experience psychological distress as a result. In people with weak immune systems, such as those with advanced HIV infection, HSV-1 can have more severe symptoms and more frequent recurrences. Rarely, HSV-1 infection can also lead to more serious complications such as encephalitis or ocular disease.

WHO:n nykyinen toiminta herpesvirusongelman suhteen  

WHO on tällä hetkellä kehittelemässä globaalin terveydenhoidon sektoristrategiaa  STI-tautien suhteen  ja niihin sisällytetään HSV-1 ja HSV-2. Tämän selvittelyn odotetaan valmistuvatn  EHO:n 69.  kokoukseen World health Assembly 2016.

• WHO

• WHO is currently working on the development of a global health sector strategy for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including for HSV-1 and HSV-2, to be finalized for consideration at the 69th World Health Assembly in 2016.

LÄHDETIETO WHO, Dr Margaret Harris