lördag 27 april 2013
onsdag 24 april 2013
Lintuvirukset , pre- ja post pandemiset virukset , kausivirus
Post-pandemic A H1N1 has been slightly mutated and kills still in the world. (Not a clean seasonal flu?)
April 24, 2013
CITATE:http://outbreaks.globalincidentmap.com/home.php Australian News
IT’s back, it’s uglier than ever and it has more than four million Australians in its sights.The swine flu, aka H1N1, which killed thousands of people when it swept the world in a pandemic in 2009, is returning in a new, mutated form to Australia, health authorities have warned as flu season begins. And people aged 95 years and older may be safest from infection. “We won’t know how much it has mutated until people begin to get sick, but flu viruses mutate all the time as they pass through people and animals,” said Dr Jeremy McAnulty, NSW Health director of health protection. “Basically the virus makes mistakes in its reproductive cycle that help it survive as part of its evolutionary process and evade our immune systems.
“We won’t know how well the flu vaccines will protect people from new strains of the two flus we expect this year – H1N1 and H3N2 – no flu vaccine is perfect.“But we recommend people get vaccinated.”
The 2009 swine flu outbreak is believed to have started at a Texan a pig farm, spread to pigs in Mexico, subsequently infecting the pigs’ handlers. Dr McAnulty said medical research has established that H1N1 was related to the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic that killed up to 100 million people, or three to five per cent of the world’s population.
“There have been four pandemics, or apparently brand new strains of flu in the last hundred years and three in the 20th century, in 1918, the 1950s and the 1960s,” he said.”We’ve discovered that the H1 virus actually had a connection with the 1918 flu, so people who were around then and exposed to it have some resistance to H1.”
“H1 affected more pregnant women and young people.”
Swine flu killed 186 Australians in 2009 and officially affected 37,000. The global death toll of 18,500 was revised last year by Lancet magazine as closer to 250,000.
“The actual numbers are always much larger,” Dr McAnulty said, “Typically 10 to 20 per cent of the population go down with flu every year.”
Swine flu symptoms include a fever, cough, headache, tiredness, with more serious cases developing diarrhoea, pneumonia and encephalitis and lung and heart failure.
Vaccines are free for pregnant women, people over 65-years-old, Aboriginal people and patients with serious underlying medical conditions.
Dr McAnulty’s recommended means of keeping health this winter include washing your hands after contact with others.
“And not just a quick wash of the hands. We recommend singing Happy Birthday as you wash your hands. It’s about the right length of time for the process.”
IT’s back, it’s uglier than ever and it has more than four million Australians in its sights.The swine flu, aka H1N1, which killed thousands of people when it swept the world in a pandemic in 2009, is returning in a new, mutated form to Australia, health authorities have warned as flu season begins. And people aged 95 years and older may be safest from infection. “We won’t know how much it has mutated until people begin to get sick, but flu viruses mutate all the time as they pass through people and animals,” said Dr Jeremy McAnulty, NSW Health director of health protection. “Basically the virus makes mistakes in its reproductive cycle that help it survive as part of its evolutionary process and evade our immune systems.
“We won’t know how well the flu vaccines will protect people from new strains of the two flus we expect this year – H1N1 and H3N2 – no flu vaccine is perfect.“But we recommend people get vaccinated.”
The 2009 swine flu outbreak is believed to have started at a Texan a pig farm, spread to pigs in Mexico, subsequently infecting the pigs’ handlers. Dr McAnulty said medical research has established that H1N1 was related to the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic that killed up to 100 million people, or three to five per cent of the world’s population.
“There have been four pandemics, or apparently brand new strains of flu in the last hundred years and three in the 20th century, in 1918, the 1950s and the 1960s,” he said.”We’ve discovered that the H1 virus actually had a connection with the 1918 flu, so people who were around then and exposed to it have some resistance to H1.”
“H1 affected more pregnant women and young people.”
Swine flu killed 186 Australians in 2009 and officially affected 37,000. The global death toll of 18,500 was revised last year by Lancet magazine as closer to 250,000.
“The actual numbers are always much larger,” Dr McAnulty said, “Typically 10 to 20 per cent of the population go down with flu every year.”
Swine flu symptoms include a fever, cough, headache, tiredness, with more serious cases developing diarrhoea, pneumonia and encephalitis and lung and heart failure.
Vaccines are free for pregnant women, people over 65-years-old, Aboriginal people and patients with serious underlying medical conditions.
Dr McAnulty’s recommended means of keeping health this winter include washing your hands after contact with others.
“And not just a quick wash of the hands. We recommend singing Happy Birthday as you wash your hands. It’s about the right length of time for the process.”
Circulating season flu H3N2 is still ” a bad guy”
April 24, 2013
http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/practical-parenting/baby/health/article/-/16801709/australian-doctors-warn-killer-flu-virus-is-on-its-way/
This H3N2 semm to be a serious virus to children in USA and Australia
This H3N2 semm to be a serious virus to children in USA and Australia
Mexico Avian HPAI H7N3 outbreaks
April 24, 2013
WHO two prepandemic influenza viruses in phase 3
April 24, 2013
http://www.internationalsos.com/pandemicpreparedness/SubCatLevel.aspx?li=7&languageID=eng&subCatID=25
This influences to the budget of states
“Bird flu”: avian flu H5N1
Avian flu H5N1 stands at Phase 3 on the WHO Phase scale as of April 2013. It has infected people in small clusters with limited human-to-human transmission. See an image and explanation from WHO about bird flu’s phase.
“Bird flu”: avian flu H7N9
Avian flu H7N9 stands at Phase 2 to 3 on the WHO Phase scale as of April 2013. It has infected people in small numbers with no evidence of human-to-human transmission.
Current WHO phase of pandemic alert
This influences to the budget of states
“Bird flu”: avian flu H5N1
Avian flu H5N1 stands at Phase 3 on the WHO Phase scale as of April 2013. It has infected people in small clusters with limited human-to-human transmission. See an image and explanation from WHO about bird flu’s phase.
“Bird flu”: avian flu H7N9
Avian flu H7N9 stands at Phase 2 to 3 on the WHO Phase scale as of April 2013. It has infected people in small numbers with no evidence of human-to-human transmission.
Current WHO phase of pandemic alert
lördag 20 april 2013
Lansetti kirjoittaa SARS:ista H7N9viruksen 20.4. 2013
The Lancet, Volume 381, Issue 9875, Page 1333, 20 April 2013
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60865-X
Cite or Link Using DOI
Toistaako historia itseään? ( Tämän voi suomentaa myöhemmin)
Cite or Link Using DOIToistaako historia itseään? ( Tämän voi suomentaa myöhemmin)
From SARS to H7N9: will history repeat itself?
China
will never forget the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), for which it paid such a heavy and painful price a decade ago.
According to WHO, from Nov 1, 2002, to July 31, 2003, 648 of the 7082 probable cases of SARS
in mainland China and Hong Kong died. Many of the patients were
front-line health workers. At that time, in the wake of its initial
negative response to SARS, as well as proof of its fragmented and
ineffective public health system, the Chinese Government's international
reputation and domestic credibility were seriously damaged.
10
years on, the shadow of SARS is again hovering over Chinese hearts with
the emergence of the novel influenza A (H7N9) virus. By the time The Lancet went to press, 63 confirmed cases of H7N9 human infection,
including 14 deaths, had been reported over a wide area, ranging from
eastern China (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces),
central China (Henan province), to northern China (Beijing).
Unavoidably, there are pervasive worries that history might repeat
itself.
SARS coronavirus and H7N9 virus
share some similarities. Neither virus had been reported in human beings
previously. Worldwide, people of all ages have had little protective
immunity, and there is a global pandemic threat. Both viruses can lead
to severe disease, characterised by high fever, severe respiratory
symptoms, and deaths. Additionally, the sources fuelling human
infections of both viruses remain to be determined. SARS coronavirus is
thought to be an animal virus from an as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir
(perhaps bats) that spreads to other animals (civet cats) and then to
the first infected human beings in southern China in 2002. As for H7N9
virus, the animal reservoir seems to be poultry. However, some patients
had contact with poultry just before falling ill, whereas others had
not.
Unlike SARS coronavirus
transmission, sustained transmission of H7N9 virus between human beings
has not yet been found. Worryingly, genetic changes among H7N9 virus
suggests adaptation to mammals, as discussed in a World Report in this
issue, and further adaptations can be expected. The mutations of H7N9
virus might not be controllable, but China's efforts to track and
contain the outbreak of H7N9 can be managed and monitored.
As
for SARS's legacy, China is now better prepared to deal with the H7N9
outbreak. The Chinese Government's response to H7N9 has been much
swifter and more transparent than it was in the SARS outbreak, which has
earned praise from the international community. “We are very satisfied
and pleased with the level of information shared and we believe we have
been kept fully updated on the situation”, said Michael O'Leary,
WHO's representative in China. Having boosted investment enormously in
the public health system since SARS, China has established and
strengthened national and local surveillance systems to prevent and
control diseases and has also expanded its laboratory capacity.
Additionally, China's collaboration and communications with WHO and
international scientific communities have been increased and
strengthened.
The national and provincial
government response, however, is not without controversy. There is
debate within the Chinese news media and among the public that Shanghai
might have deliberately delayed reporting cases of H7N9 human infection.
The first infection in man was identified on Feb 19, but no public
announcement was made until March 31. Treatment strategies against H7N9
virus infection are also being questioned. Chinese Government officials
have suggested that people try the unproven indigowoad root (known as banlangen in Chinese) to prevent H7N9 virus infection. Furthermore, the efficacy of peramivir injection
to treat H7N9 infection is as yet unclear, but this antiviral drug
received accelerated authorisation on April 6 by the China State Food
and Drug Administration to treat H7N9 human infection. Another weak link
lies in China's agricultural departments. Unlike people, poultry
infected with H7N9 virus show few symptoms, making detection very
challenging. Health officials have acted promptly upon laboratory
confirmation of cases, but can agricultural officials catch up with
speed tracing to identify the animal origins of H7N9 virus?
China
is once again back in the spotlight with the H7N9 virus outbreak, which
will be a test not only for its health and agricultural systems, but
also for its political system, and for the new Minister of Health, Li
Bin. H7N9 presents China with the opportunity to prove its openness and
ability to rapidly share information from its well-developed
surveillance system and strong research capacity.
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