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torsdag 23 augusti 2018

Tuhkarokko nostelee päätä Euroopassa

Suomessa ilmennyt tänä vuonna 7 tapausta myös.  juuri  esiintynyt kahdella, jotka tulviat Taimaasta.
1960-1970 luvulla syntyneistä jotkut eivät ole saaneet tuhkarokkorokotusta, joka muuten on  aika kattava Suomessa . Lisäksi ennen vanhaan sairastettiin tuhkorokko, joten siitäkin tulee immuniteettiä.
 https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005800073.html
Kirjoitan vielä tuhkarokon eri nimiä

TUHKAROKKO eli morbilli latinaksi. Morbilli on diminutiivi sanasta morbus, joka tarkoitaa tautia.
Ruotsiksi. MÄSSLING
Englanniksi MEASLES
Saksaksi MASERN
Espanjaksi SARAMPION
Jiddish kirjoittaa  hebrealaisin kirjaimin MAZLAN ( mem, alef, zaijin, lamed, ain, nun-sofit)
Hebreaksi  rokolla on oma sana  Chazeveth, (Chet,zaijin,weth, thav).
Venäjäksi kirjaimet ovat : KORV.
Rokon  ICD numeroon B05
Alanumero ilamisee  onko komplikaatioita. B05.9  Tuhkarokko ilman komplikaatioita.
Komplikaatioiten ekra tuhkarokko:
B05.0 kompliakationa on aivotulehdus enkefaliitti.
B05.1.   -"- aivokalvontulehdus meningiitti.
B05.2   -"- keuhkokuuke pneumonia.
B05.3   -"- keskikorvantulehdus otitis media
B05.4 -"- suolikomplikaatioita
B05.8 -"-  muita  komplikaatioita.


(Ps. Lievempi  ja lyhytaikaisempi, mutta aluksi  erotusdiagnoosissa hyvä muistaa,  on vihurirokko eli punakoira, röda hund, rubella, Röteln, German Measles , three -days measles, o sarampion aleman, Krasnuuha, hebreaksi Ademeth, "punainen vihuri" (Alef, daleth,mem, thav).
Sitä aiheuttaa Rubivirus Togaviridae. Tämä on  ikävä  raskaanaoleville, sillä se vaikuttaa sikiöön synnynnäisiä  puutoksia).  

lördag 11 augusti 2018

Länsi-Niilin kuumevirus leviämässä Eurooppaan

https://www.is.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000005787815.html

AFP: Vaarallinen Länsi-Niilin virus leviää Etelä-Euroopassa – saattaa johtaa kuolemaan

Julkaistu:
Etelä-Eurooppa
Italiassa ja Kreikassa yhteensä kuusi ihmistä on kuollut.
Länsi-Niilin virus on tappanut kolme ihmistä viime päivien aikana Italian koillisosassa, kertoo uutistoimisto AFP.
Paikalliset terveysviranomaiset tiedottivat asiasta perjantaina. Vaarallinen virus leviää hyttysten välityksellä.
Ferraran alueella kuoli torstaina kaksi ihmistä, jotka olivat iältään 69- ja 86-vuotiaita. Heitä oli hoidettu sairaalassa kymmenen päivän ajan.
Myös kolmas uhri asui alueella. Hän kuoli virukseen heinäkuun lopussa.
Virus voi aiheuttaa samanlaisia oireita kuin flunssa, mutta ääritapauksissa se voi johtaa vapinaan, kuumeeseen, koomaan tai jopa tappavaan aivotulehdukseen. Se saattaa aiheuttaa myös aivokalvontulehduksen.
Virus löydettiin vuonna 1937 Ugandassa. Linnut ovat kantajia, ja se leviää ihmisiin hyttysten välityksellä.
Myös Kreikan terveysviranomaiset ilmoittivat perjantaina, että Ateenan alueella Länsi-Niilin virukseen on kuollut kolme ihmistä. Kaupungin alueella tapauksia on ollut tänä vuonna jo 60, joista suurin osa havaittiin viime kuussa.
– Viime viikon jälkeen olemme rekisteröineet 17 uutta tapausta, Kreikan sairauksien valvonnan ja ennaltaehkäisyn keskus (Keelpno) kertoi.
Virus on levinnyt enimmäkseen Ateenan läntisissä lähiöissä. Viime vuonna Kreikan viranomaiset rekisteröivät yhteensä 48 tapausta, joista viisi johti kuolemaan.
Euroopan tautienehkäisy- ja -valvontakeskuksen mukaan tapauksia on tämän vuoden aikana ollut myös Unkarissa, Romaniassa ja Serbiassa.

fredag 3 augusti 2018

WHO bulletin kertoo ebolapurkauksista

There has been an eerie mirroring of events between the ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the 2014–15 outbreak in Liberia. The DRC has vast historical experience from containing eight prior outbreaks, but the country has not previously had to respond to urban Ebola spread.
The current and ninth DRC outbreak was declared by the Ministry of Health on May 8, 2018.
1
By May 14, Ebola virus had escaped the rural epicentre of Bikoro and travelled 150 km into Mbandaka, an urban centre populated by 1·2 million people.
1
In a similar manner, during late June, 2014, Ebola virus disease escaped rural Sierra Leone into Foya District of rural Liberia and proceeded to enter the densely populated New Kru Town community of Monrovia, a city of over 1 million inhabitants.
2
The unprecedented case counts of the west African epidemic were largely due to this unprecedented migration into unprepared urban centres. At the height of the outbreak in September, 2014, Monrovia alone was accounting for 51% of all the Ebola cases in Liberia. Given the parallel scenario of cases emerging in Mbandaka, the response in the upcoming weeks and its sensitivity to the local context will be critical in informing the final outbreak size in the DRC.
Understanding the cause of spread in Liberia provides important lessons for the DRC. Why did the index urban case decide to leave Bikoro for Mbandaka?
First, to seek care. She may have come to the city to seek medical care since care in her village was inadequate and she was observing others die in spite of the treatment they were receiving. Given this root cause of movement, case investigation should hone in on hospitals and clinics visited for treatment to identify highest risk contacts. In Liberia, Monrovia's case zero in 2014 visited Redemption Hospital and exposed nurses and a doctor. Some of those exposed at Redemption Hospital went to a clinic in a neighbouring community and infected two nurses, who themselves sought treatment in another community and infected multiple health-care workers.
Second, it is also possible the case left her village to evade cultural threats. If she fled to the city since she attributed her illness to supernatural cause, such as a curse, it could have led her to relatives in Mbandaka with anticipation of finding a spiritual solution from traditional healers. In late June, 2014, migration to Monrovia in response to Ebola disease as a perceived curse prompted the second wave of transmission. A 16-year-old girl from a village in Sierra Leone had seen her family members systematically die from a strange disease. The prevailing belief was that the girl and her family were bewitched since their grandfather stole a goat. In pursuit of a spiritual solution, she and her brother drove to Monrovia from Sierra Leone, leading to cross–border transmission and a large disease cluster in densely populated Monrovia.
In light of these motivations, how can a trustworthy and trusted response be delivered to control the spread of the virus (panel)?
Panel
Five actions for delivering a trusted response for the control of Ebola virus transmission
  • Provide sufficient point-of-need care to prevent rural to urban spread
  • Implement and laud successful treatment innovations
  • Debunk rumours and generate data through community engagement
  • Balance public health with individual rights
  • Practice safe burials
First, sufficient point-of-need care should be provided to prevent rural to urban spread. Access to effective health-care for diagnosis and case management will shift the disbelief and distrust around Ebola and prevent outward migration. Rules barring people from travelling in and out of villages will then be possible.
Second, successful treatment innovations should be implemented and lauded. In Liberia, all patients entering Ebola treatment units (ETUs) were given an intravenous line for fluid administration. Some patients also received ZMapp, a putative immunotherapy for Ebola virus disease.
3
A positive feedback loop is essential for building trust in ETU care. Survivors should be paraded in communities to emphasise the role of ETUs in saving lives.
Third, through community engagement, rumours need to be debunked and data generated. Community youth, pastors, and imams should be trained in conducting daily door-to-door surveillance on visitors, the sick, and potential dead.
4
The communication should be horizontal rather than vertical. The resulting data will govern the response by guiding distribution of ambulances, burial teams, and food for affected homes.
Fourth, public health priorities must be balanced with consideration for individual rights. No patients in the ETU should be allowed to leave until certified as being clear of Ebola virus.
Finally, practicing safe burials is essential. Local community leaders, religious leaders, and youth leaders should be mobilised to identify secret deaths and burials so that the dead body management teams can conduct safe and dignified burials. In Liberia, a Muslim burial team was formed to handle bodies in protective suits while allowing the appropriate ablutions.
At a macrocosmic level, the relationship between virulence and transmissibility is perturbed by population–level beliefs and practices. Beyond the establishment of ETUs and targeted vaccination, understanding root causes of disease emergence in urban DRC will be essential to preventing additional rural to urban spread and to containing the outbreak within urban centres.
We declare no competing interests.
 
References
    WHO Regional Office for Africa
Ebola Virus Disease: Democratic Republic of Congo. External situation report 2.
  • Nyenswah, T
  • Fahnbulleh, M
  • Massaquo, M
  • et al.
Ebola epidemic—Liberia, March–October 2014.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014; 63: 1082-1086
    PREVAIL II Writing Group, for the Multi-National PREVAIL II Study Team
A randomized, controlled trial of ZMapp for Ebola virus infection.
N Engl J Med. 2016; 375: 1448-1456
  • Fallah, M
  • Dahn, B
  • Nyenswah, TG
  • et al.
Interrupting Ebola transmission in Liberia through community–based initiatives: interrupting Ebola transmission in Liberia.
Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164: 367-369
Article Info
Publication History
IDENTIFICATION
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31435-1

Sama Zaire-ebolaviruskanta uusimmassa purkauksessa . Rokotuksia aletaan jälleen.

http://www.gp.se/nyheter/v%C3%A4rlden/ebolavaccin-kan-anv%C3%A4ndas-i-n%C3%A4sta-vecka-1.7487610

Todennäköisesti aletaan käyttää ebolarokotuksta Kongo-Kinshasassa ensi viikolla, koska on tämä uusi  tappavan taudin purkaus  tullut esiin itäosastakin  maata.   Viruskanta on smaa Zairekantaa, joka  surmasi 33 henkilöä edellisesssa vasta päättyneessä purkauksessa.  WHO:n mukaan pystytään toimitamaan  300 000 rokoteannosta piakkoin. Ensi hätään on kuitenkin vielä varastossa 3000  annosta, joita voidaan jo alkaa käyttää, kertoo  terveysministeri Oly Ilunga Kalenga.   Hänen mukaan  rokottaminen saadaan alkuun  jo ensi viikolla. Tässä uudessa purkauksessa on ainakin neljä henkilöä testattu  ebolapositiivisiksi Manginan kaupungissa ja sen ympäristössä;  tältä seudulta on vain  kymmenen mailia Ugandan rajalle. 

  • Vaccin mot ebola kommer sannolikt att börja användas i Kongo-Kinshasa i nästa vecka, sedan ett nytt utbrott av den dödliga sjukdomen uppstått i de östra delarna av landet.
  • Enligt myndigheterna är det nya utbrottet av virusstammen Zaire samma som krävde 33 människors liv i det föregående utbrottet. Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) kan 300 000 doser vaccin levereras inom kort, men hälsominister Oly Ilunga Kalenga säger att det nu finns 3 000 doser på lager för att sätta in i ett första steg.
  • - Jag tror att vi kan börja använda vaccinet så tidigt som nästa vecka, säger han.
  • I det nya utbrottet har minst fyra personer testats positiva för ebola i och omkring staden Mangina cirka tio mil från gränsen till Uganda.


Vaccin mot ebola kommer sannolikt att börja användas i Kongo-Kinshasa i nästa vecka, sedan ett nytt utbrott av den dödliga sjukdomen uppstått i de östra delarna av landet.
Enligt myndigheterna är det nya utbrottet av virusstammen Zaire samma som krävde 33 människors liv i det föregående utbrottet. Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) kan 300 000 doser vaccin levereras inom kort, men hälsominister Oly Ilunga Kalenga säger att det nu finns 3 000 doser på lager för att sätta in i ett första steg.
- Jag tror att vi kan börja använda vaccinet så tidigt som nästa vecka, säger han.
I det nya utbrottet har minst fyra personer testats positiva för ebola i och omkring staden Mangina cirka tio mil från gränsen till Uganda.

torsdag 2 augusti 2018

Uusi ebolapurkaus Kongon koillisosassa. Luoteisosan purkaus loppunut.

" https://www.voanews.com/a/congo-declares-new-ebola-outbreak-in-eastern-province/4509109.html

Four cases of the Ebola virus have been confirmed in the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, officials confirmed Wednesday.
Julien Paluku, governor of North Kivu province, announced the outbreak on Twitter, just a week after Congolese and U.N. health officials announced the end of a separate outbreak that killed 33 people in the country’s northwest. There is no evidence yet suggesting the two outbreaks in the Congo are linked.
“Although we did not expect to face a tenth epidemic so early, the detection of the virus is an indicator of the proper functioning of the surveillance system,” said the country’s health minister, Oly Ilunga Kalenga, in a statement.

Ebola was first identified in the Congo in 1976. A highly infective virus, it can be spread via contact with animals or the bodily fluids of the infected — including the dead. 
The health ministry said there were 26 cases of hemorrhagic fever in the North Kivu province, including 20 deaths. Six samples from these patients were tested, and four tested positive for Ebola, the ministry said.

Officials have said they now feel better prepared for Ebola outbreaks, in sharp contrast to the 2014 epidemic of the virus, which killed more than 11,000 people, mostly in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

To contain the most recent outbreak, health workers distributed an experimental but effective vaccine to anyone who had come into contact with those infected.
"We had a vaccine — and that I think is going to be extremely important for the future of Ebola control," Peter Salama, deputy director-general of emergency preparedness and response at the World Health Organization, told CNN of the July outbreak.

Experts from the health ministry will arrive in the region on Thursday to coordinate a response to the virus, the ministry said."

02:22 Thursday   early morning
(walla.co.il tiedotti tästä yöuutisissa joten etsin engl. tiedon)