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tisdag 21 februari 2017

Ruotsissa on lintuinfluenssa varoitusaste 2 /3.sta. Hanhia sairastunut H5N8 virukseen

SYDSVENSKAN 
Svedala

Fågelinfluensa påträffad i Svedala

Fågelinfluensan breder ut sig över Europa, skyddsnivån i Sverige är höjd och i Svedala har döda gäss hittats. Men veterinären Jonas Fröjd kommer med lugnande besked.
Fem döda gäss hittades i början av februari vid Roslättsdammen i Svedala. Två av dessa skickades in till Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt för tester och det visade sig att fågelinfluensa var orsaken. Fågelinfluensa har under hösten och vintern cirkulerat bland både vilda och tama fåglar i Europa, men det är många år sedan som smittan senast påträffades i Svedala.
– Senaste gången var nog i samband med den stora epidemin för många år sedan. De här gässen hade influensa av typen H5N8, säger Tobias Löfquist, samordnare på kommunens förvaltning för gata och park.
I Europa har det noterats en snabb spridning av just typen H5N8 och viruset överförs lätt från smittade till friska djur. Risken att en människa däremot skulle insjukna är extremt liten.
– Många kopplar detta till svininfluensa, men det är inte alls samma fråga det rör sig om nu. Man behöver inte oroa sig, säger Skånes länsveterinär Jonas Fröjd.
– Det är en allvarlig fågelsjukdom. Det görs en del fynd då och då, men det är ingen alarmerande ökning som skett.
Efter att viruset påträffades i Skåne under hösten har Jordbruksverket höjt skyddsnivån till nivå två av tre för fjäderfä i hela Sverige. Det innebär att fåglarna ska hållas inomhus. Om det inte är möjligt är det viktigt att djuren är inhägnade utomhus och utfodras under tak.
– Detta görs för att minimera risken för kontakt med vilda fåglar eftersom det är via dem som det i så fall sprids, säger Jonas Fröjd.

A H7N9 pathogenicity ( haku )

Bertram S, Thiele S, Dreier C, Resa-Infante P, Preuß A, van Riel D, Mok CK, Schwalm F, Peiris JS, Klenk HD, Gabriel G.
Am J Pathol. 2017 Feb 8. pii: S0002-9440(17)30067-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.017. [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death in influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients. Hereby, the cellular importin-α7 gene plays a major role. It promotes viral replication in the lung, thereby increasing the risk for the development of pneumonia complicated by ARDS.

 Herein, we analyzed whether the recently emerged H7N9 avian IAV has already adapted to human importin-α7 use, which is associated with high-level virus replication in the mammalian lung.

Using a cell-based viral polymerase activity assay, we could detect a decreased H7N9 IAV polymerase activity when importin-α7 was silenced by siRNA.

Moreover, virus replication was diminished in the murine cells lacking the importin-α7 gene. Consistently, importin-α7 knockout mice presented reduced pulmonary virus titers and lung lesions as well as enhanced survival rates compared to wild-type mice.

 In summary, our results show that H7N9 IAV have acquired distinct features of adaptation to human host factors that enable enhanced virulence in mammals. In particular, adaptation to human importin-α7 mediates elevated virus replication in the mammalian lung, which might have contributed to ARDS observed in H7N9-infected patients.

PMID:
28189564
DOI:
10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.017

Kiinassa AH7N9 influenssa tapauksia ihmisillä- Tämä on uusi virus seurannassa.

http://www.who.int/csr/don/20-february-2017-ah7n9-china/en/
 WHO uutinen 20.2. 2017

Emergencies preparedness, response

Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus – China

Disease outbreak news
20 February 2017
Between 19 January and 14 February 2017, a total of 304 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection have been reported to WHO from mainland China though the China National IHR focal point.
On 19 January 2017, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (NHFPC) notified WHO of 111 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus. On 24 January 2017, the NHFPC notified WHO of 31 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus.
 On 30 January 2017, the NHFPC notified WHO of 41 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus.
On 7 February 2017, the NHFPC notified WHO of 52 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus.
 On 14 February 2017, the NHFPC notified WHO of 69 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus.

Details of the cases

Between 19 January and 14 February 2017, the NHFPC reported a total of 304 human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H7N9).
 Onset dates range from 13 December 2016 to 9 February 2017.
Of these 304 cases, 86 are female (28%). Cases range in age from 3 to 85 years, with a median age of 58 years. The cases are reported from Jiangsu (67), Zhejiang (53), Guangdong (32), Anhui (31), Jiangxi (27), Hunan (26), Fujian (20), Hubei (20), Sichuan (6), Guizhou (4), Henan (4), Shandong (4), Shanghai (3), Liaoning (2), Yunnan (2), Beijing (1), Hebei (1), and Guangxi (1).
At the time of notification, there were 36 deaths,
 two cases had mild symptoms and 82 cases were diagnosed as either pneumonia (34) or severe pneumonia (48).
 The clinical presentations of the other 184 cases are not available at this time.
144 cases reported exposure to poultry or live poultry market, 11 cases have no clear exposure to poultry or poultry-related environments. 149 cases are under investigation.
Two clusters of two-person were reported:
  • A 22-year-old female (mother of 3-year-old girl case who had symptom onset on 29 January 2017, died on 7 February 2017) reported from Yunnan province. She had developed symptom on 4 February 2017. She took care of her daughter during her daughter was sick. Both are reported to expose to poultry in Jiangxi province.
  • A 45-year-old female (previously reported on 9 January) from Sihui city, Guangdong province. She had symptom onset on 17 December 2016, and died on 24 December 2016. She was exposed to poultry. 
  • Another case was a 43-year-old female from Guangzhou city, Guangdong province. She had symptom onset on 30 December 2016 and was admitted to hospital on the same day. 
  • She is the sister of the 45-year old female described above. She took care of her hospitalized sister but also had exposure to poultry. At the time of reporting, she was suffering from pneumonia.
While common exposure to poultry is likely, human to human transmission cannot be ruled out.
To date, a total of 1222 laboratory-confirmed human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been reported through IHR notification since early 2013.

Public health response

Considering the increase in the number of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) since December 2016, the Chinese government has enhanced measures such as:
  • Strengthened early diagnosis and early treatment, treatment of severe cases to reduce occurrence of severe cases and deaths.
  • Convened meetings to further deploy prevention and control measures.
  • Conducted public risk communication and sharing information with the public.
  • The NHFPC strengthened epidemic surveillance, conducted timely risk assessment and analysed the information for any changes in epidemiology.
  • The NHFPC requested local NHFPCs to implement effective control measures on the source of outbreaks and to minimize the number of affected people.
  • The NHFPC, joined by other departments such as agriculture, industry and commerce, Food and Drug Administration, re-visited Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Guangdong provinces where more cases occurred for joint supervision. The affected provinces have also strengthened multisectoral supervision, inspection and guidance on local surveillance, medical treatment, prevention and control and promoted control measures with a focus on live poultry market management control.
  • Relevant prefectures in Jiangsu province have closed live poultry markets in late December 2016 and Zhejiang, Guangdong and Anhui provinces have strengthened live poultry market regulations.

WHO risk assessment

While similar sudden increases in the number of human avian influenza A(H7N9) cases identified have been reported in previous years the number of cases reported during this season is exceeding previous seasons. The number of human cases with onset from 1 October 2016 accounts for nearly one-third of all the human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection reported since 2013.
However, human infections with the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus remain unusual. Close observation of the epidemiological situation and further characterization of the most recent human viruses are critical to assess associated risk and to adjust risk management measures timely.
Most human cases are exposed to avian influenza A(H7N9) virus through contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments, including live poultry markets. Since the virus continues to be detected in animals and environments, and live poultry vending continues, further human cases can be expected. Additional sporadic human cases may be also expected in previously unaffected provinces as it is likely that this virus circulates in poultry of other areas of China without being detected.
Although small clusters of human cases with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been reported including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that this virus has not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans. Therefore the likelihood of further community level spread is considered low.

WHO advice

WHO advises that travellers to countries with known outbreaks of avian influenza should avoid, if possible, poultry farms, contact with animals in live bird markets, entering areas where poultry may be slaughtered, or contact with any surfaces that appear to be contaminated with faeces from poultry or other animals. Travellers should also wash their hands often with soap and water, and follow good food safety and good food hygiene practices.
WHO does not advise special screening at points of entry with regard to this event, nor does it currently recommend any travel or trade restrictions. As always, a diagnosis of infection with an avian influenza virus should be considered in individuals who develop severe acute respiratory symptoms while travelling in or soon after returning from an area where avian influenza is a concern.
WHO encourages countries to continue strengthening influenza surveillance, including surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and influenza-like illness (ILI) and to carefully review any unusual patterns, ensure reporting of human infections under the IHR (2005), and continue national health preparedness actions.

fredag 10 februari 2017

Uuden tyypin NORO-virus vaivaa Suomessa, ei immuniteettia

http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005080161.html
Kaiikenlaisai neuvoja annetaan. Lisäisin niihin vielä käsineitten käytön . Monikaan ei käytä käsineäitä ellei ole pistävän kylmä ilma.
ja kun tulee kotiin kannattaa pitää käsidei pullo ja talouspaperirulla heti eteisen pöydällä.
Kannattaa syödä ruokaa joka on valmistettu keittämällä tai uunissa, siis kuumennettua ja juoda nesteitä jotka ovat kuumennettuja, vesi kiehutettua.
Kotona sitten voi pestä käsiä  kotiin tulon jälkeen saippualla ja vedellä  jatkossa.